Transcript Welcome to Biology 101 Human Anatomy & Physiology I A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)… Please be sure you.

Welcome to Biology 101
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)…
Please be sure you pick up handouts, and initial the attendance
sheet; names are in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!
You should initial the attendance sheet each time you come to lecture.
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General Information
• Who am I?
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Greg Erianne, Ph.D.
Office SH 205
E-mail - CCM: [email protected]
Telephone; 973-328-5377 (voice mail)
– Web site: http://www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101/
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Marieb’s Human
Anatomy and Physiology
Marieb w Hoehn
Chapter 1
The Human Body:
An Orientation
Lecture 1
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Emergency Evacuation Procedures
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Emergency evacuation may be required when there is an actual or potential danger to
the occupants of any building as a result of fire or other emergency situation. When
a fire alarm is sounded, all occupants must leave the building(s) via the nearest
exit and proceed immediately to the designated staging area and remain 50 feet
from any building. Fire Marshals will direct the evacuation. All walkways and
roads must remain clear for emergency vehicles. Take all belongings with you.
You will remain there until the all clear is sounded, or a Fire Marshal directs you to a
remote staging area. Evacuation of physically disabled individuals will be assisted or
coordinated by the faculty at the site. DO NOT USE ELEVATORS DURING
THE EVACUATION PROCESS. The evacuation staging area for this classroom
or laboratory is (Please state staging area from accompanying chart).
The evacuation staging area for this classroom or laboratory is:
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SH 100-level Classrooms/Labs
Lawn above HH stairs, Parking lot 5
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DH 100-level Classrooms
Rear exit to lot 1 50 ft past walkway, Parking lot 1
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Course Web Sites
• Our Web sites for this class are located at:
– http://www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101 (Main Web site)
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Announcements (VERY IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT FREQUENTLY!)
Syllabus and all lecture/lab schedules
Lecture and Lab slides used in class (ppt and pdf formats)
Supplementary online materials for Lecture and Lab
Lecture and Lab Exam Study Guides
Links to many other sites including PearsonWeb site
Extra credit assignments
– http://courses.ccm.edu (Blackboard Learn; Secondary)
• You will need your student ID and password for the Blackboard (BB) site
• This BB site will be used ONLY grades and grade-related things
– http://masteringaandp.com (from Pearson Science)
• You will need the course ID and have to register if you haven’t been to this site
before
• Lots of resources to use for A&P I – take advantage of it!
• (Course ID: MAPERIANNE12222)
– Printing slides and other materials (see email I sent)
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Overview of Today’s Lecture
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Course Web sites and Publisher Web site
Course Description/Textbook/Lab Book
Course Objectives and Syllabus Review
Blueprint for success
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Organization of the Human Body
Characteristics of Life
Homeostasis
Anatomical Terminology
Chemistry I (Lectures 2, 3, and 4)
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Textbook/Laboratory Manual
• Course Description
– Lecture / discussion format
• Lectures will follow Marieb’s
Human Anatomy and Physiology,
10th edition closely
– Figures used for class
– Laboratory
• Marieb’s Laboratory Manual, 12th
edition
– Reading assignments should be
done BEFORE you come to
class/lab
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Major objectives of this course
• In general, you will…
– Master the objectives listed in the Study Guides
– Develop a further mastery of scientific/biomedical
terminology
– Further develop your ability to think logically and
critically
• Let’s review the syllabus, policies, and
handouts…
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Grading Summary for A&P I
Lecture
Lecture Exam 1
Lecture Exam 2
15.00%
15.00%
Lecture Exam 3
15.00%
Lecture Exam 4
**If Final Exam Score is higher than
lowest Lecture Exam Score, lowest Lecture Final Exam
Exam Score will be replaced by Final
TOTAL
Exam Score
15.00%
(Four lecture exams + Final Exam)
Lab
(Three lab exams)
**Please consult with your laboratory
instructor as his/her requirements &
grading scheme may differ
Lab Exam 1
Lab Exam 2
Lab Exam 3
TOTAL
15.00%
75.00%
8.33%
8.33%
8.33%
25.00%
Letter
Grade
Numerical
Average
GPA
Quality
Points
A
AB+
B
BC+
C
D
F
93.0 – 100.0
90.0 – 92.9
87.0 – 89.9
83.0 – 86.9
80.0 – 82.9
77.0 – 79.9
70.0 – 76.9
60.0 – 69.9
< 59.9
4.00
3.67
3.33
3.00
2.67
2.33
2.00
1.00
0.00
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Blueprint for Success
• Most importantly…
– Skim your textbook BEFORE lecture and make notes
– Take notes in your own words and become mentally involved
during lecture; review/rewrite your notes after lecture
– Ask questions if you don’t understand
– Continually review previously learned material
– Use all the study aids available to you
– ***Before taking the exam, you should be able to take a
BLANK study guide and answer all the questions
WITHOUT YOUR NOTES!!!!
• **See the Suggested Study Method on Web
gserianne.com Web site – Please review this!!!
• **Be sure to print slides/materials if you want them for
class/lab – make a schedule for yourself
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Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy – study of structure
- Gross anatomy – macroscopic (types?)
- Cytology (microanatomy) – cells
- Histology (microanatomy) – tissues
Physiology – study of function
- Specialized, e.g., neuro-, cellular-, patho-
- Comparative physiology
Structure is always related to function;
if structure changes, function changes
What’s this red stuff all about, anyway?
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How Structure Determines Function
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
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Levels of Organization
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
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Important Definitions of Organizational Terms
• Cell – The basic unit of biological structure and
function (what is a ‘basic unit’ of something?)
• Tissues – A group of cells working together to
perform one or more specific functions
• Organs – Two or more tissues working in
combination to perform several functions
• Organ System – Interaction of organs
functioning closely together
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Requirements of Organisms
Water
- most abundant substance in body (60-80% of BW)
- required for metabolic processes
- required for transport
- regulates body temperature
Food
- supplies energy
- supplies raw materials to build/replace body components
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Requirements of Organisms (cont’d)
Oxygen
- one-fifth of air
- used to release energy from nutrients
Heat
- form of energy
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
Pressure
- atmospheric pressure – important for breathing
- hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing
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General Function of Organ Systems
Figure from: Martini & Ober, Visual Anatomy and Physiology, Pearson, 2011
A&P I
A&P II
Know BOTH of these tables for exam
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Organ Systems – Integument and Skeletal
Be able to identify
the organ systems
of the human body
and their major
components;
describe the major
functions of each
organ system (See
Figure 1.3 in
Marieb)
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
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Organ Systems – Muscular and Nervous
Rapidly-acting,
short-term control
(Skeletal muscle shown)
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
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Organ Systems – Endocrine and Cardiovascular
Slower-acting,
longer-term control
(compared to
nervous system)
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
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Organ Systems – Lymphatic and Respiratory
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
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Organ Systems – Digestive and Urinary
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
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Organ Systems – Reproductive
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
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Homeostasis
A CRITICAL (and very testable) concept in physiology
Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment
**Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE
Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the
internal environment and corrects any changes.
• Receptors - provide information about environment
• Control center - tells what a particular value should be
• Effectors - causes responses to change internal
environment
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Homeostatic Mechanisms
Slide moved
ahead…
Notice that this
occurs in a
ONE-WAY
circuit.
Figure from: Hole’s
Human A&P, 12th
edition, 2010
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Homeostasis
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
Major goal of
homeostasis is to
keep this
consistent
(Interstitial fluid)
The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves
with their own environment. This is the environment
that must remain stable despite changes outside.
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Homeostasis
Negative feedback – deviation from set point progressively lessens
Positive feedback – deviation from set point gets progressively greater
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
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Homeostasis
• Remember that homeostasis does NOT mean
constant!
– Continual variations occur in body systems
– Gives rise to ‘normal ranges’ (See Appendix B)
• Examples of negative feedback (most things)
– Temperature regulation, blood pressure, blood
glucose levels
• Examples of positive feedback
– Blood clotting, milk ejection, uterine contraction
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Homeostatic Mechanisms (cont’d)
Know the normal
temperature of the body
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
Notice that this
occurs in a
ONE-WAY
circuit.
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Serous Membranes
Thin layer of tissue lining a body cavity that secretes serous fluid
Visceral layer – covers an organ
Parietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall
Thoracic Membranes
•Visceral pleura
•Parietal pleura
•Visceral pericardium
•Parietal pericardium
Abdominopelvic Membranes
•Visceral peritoneum
•Parietal peritoneum
Serous fluid –watery, protein-containing, slippery fluid typically
separating serous membranes
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Serous Membranes & Organs of the Thorax
Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; (What system is each organ a part of?)
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
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Serous Membranes & Organs of the Abdomen
Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram;
Know what system is each organ a part of
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th
edition, 2010
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Review
• Anatomy = structure; physiology = function
• Structure determines function
• The human body (multicellular organisms) can
be organized in increasing levels of complexity
– Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
• The eleven organ systems of the body function
to maintain homeostasis
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Review
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable (NOT
CONSTANT!) internal environment
– Requires: receptor(s), control center, and effector(s)
– Typically uses a negative feedback mechanism
• Body cavities are lined by serous membranes
– Visceral (nearest to organ)
– Parietal (nearest to body wall; furthest from organ)
• Cross (transverse) sections through the thorax or
abdomen can provide lots of information about the
relative position of organs within the body cavities.
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