Towards networks and services supporting the human cognition Anastasius Gavras, Eurescom GmbH.
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Transcript Towards networks and services supporting the human cognition Anastasius Gavras, Eurescom GmbH.
Towards networks and services
supporting the human cognition
Anastasius Gavras, Eurescom GmbH
Definition
Augmented cognition refers to all technological means
based on ICT technology and neurotechnology, which are
used to alter the power and scope of the cognitive
processes and sensory perceptions of human beings
Context is the reality-virtuality continuum
Milgram & Kishino, 1994
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Timelines
Short-term: almost mature, conceivable in
the near future 5-10 years
Mid-term: trends in R&D, predictions,
extrapolations 10-20 years
Long Term: technologies in their infancies
and some reasonable chance of commercial
availability beyond the next 20 years
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Motivation
Future innovations are more likely to happen at the
borderline of ICT and other science disciplines
Neuroscience, medicine
Restorative
Advances in real 3D, smell, taste, haptics and similar
technologies improve the reality feeling
Might not be
distinguishable from the real
environment anymore
Perceived time travel or teleportation
Simple augmented reality up to augmented cognition
in a broader sense
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Only restoration?
400 m in 45”07
Qualified for 2011
world championship
part
of South Africa's
silver medal winning
relay team 4x400m
first amputee to win
an able-bodied world
track medal, although
he was not selected
for the final
Qualified for the 2012
Olympics
Fast on artificial legs:
South African Paralympic runner Oscar Pistorius
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Cyborgs
Term Cyborg coined in 1960 by
Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline in
an article about the advantages of
self-regulating human-machine
systems in outer space
Arne H. W. Larsson (1915 – 2001),
the first recipient of an implantable pacemaker
Is everyone with a pacemaker a cyborg?
1958 first pacemaker implant
1970 first pacemaker with TTM
(transtelephopnic monitoring)
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Vision
Diagramme on the functioning of a retinal chip implant
by German medical technology company
Retina Implant AG – http://retina-implant.de
“Solar” powered
50µm thick
Stimulation electrodes
connect to nerve-cells
Creates visual perceptions
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Augmented reality
Google
Microvision (www.microvision.com)
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Augmented reality
University of Washington
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
US patent 7,486,986, Feb. 3, 2009
Brain
A cerebral interface system has a housing
mechanism configured to be at least
partially spaced in a cavity formed in the
subject’s skull…
Brain computer interface to
control the Honda Asimo robot
Intel: Brain implants could
control computers by 2020
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Challenges, risks, socio-economics
Privacy, IPR regulations need significant update
Private
bystanders and IPR owners in public places who
come into the view of AR applications
IPR issues with annotating protected information or
superimposing physical billboards
“Very serious copyright issues around places
databases” Attributed to Eric Schmidt, Google, Inc.
Tampering can lead to malicious injection by a third
party, of tampered data, resulting into false
cognitive information
Unauthorized and unsolicited cognitive content
Ethical and privacy implications of affect sensors
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Challenges, risks, socio-economics
Mental and physical health and safety
AR
visors – psychological effects observed on fighter pilots
“Change blindness” occurs on rapid eye movement or focus
change from the display to the external environment
Failure of attentional capture, when the human is totally
fixated on the symbology
Invasive BCI bears all risks associated with surgery and
unlikely to receive healthcare regulatory approval except for
extreme medical indications
Applications for emergency scenarios subject to
regulatory approval, which leads to a significant cost to
address compliance issues
Acceptability
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Question leading to objectives
The network and service infrastructure must support
these visions
Short term scenarios related to mass market introduction
Augmented
reality
Mid term scenarios for future orientation
“Real
virtuality” – an undistinguishable virtual reality
Long term scenarios only science fiction?
Augmented
cognition
Networking requirements?
Network and service infrastructure?
Timeline of potential deployment?
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Technology enablers
Short term – mid to long term
Mobile computing
Computation at the edge
Vision based technologies
Recognition,
processing, 3D
Mobile sensors
Gyro,
Accelerometer, Inertial
navigation
Brain computer interface
(non-invasive)
Machine learning
Multilanguage speech
technologies
Displays Stereoscopic
experience, retinal implants
Auditory sensors and
displays
Olfactory sensors and
displays
Biosensors, Lab-on-a-chip,
DNA chip
Brain computer interfaces
(partially invasive and
cerebral)
Nano-communications,
molecular electronics
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Some number estimates
Today:
Average mobile data volume originating from standard mobile
devices: 3.3 MB per month
Average mobile data volume originating from smart phones: 79 MB
per month
Tomorrow (2015):
Global subscriber penetration expected to grow to 100% (7.2 billion)
– factor 2 compared to today.
Penetration of smart phones expected to grow to 35 % - factor 10
compared to today
By 2020:
Up to thousand-fold increase in total mobile broadband traffic
Sources: (i) Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2010–2015, (ii) John
Spindler (ADC), “Augmented reality needs a better network”, (iii) Perey Research & Consulting, Switzerland, (iv)
Measurements by Univ. of Kaiserslautern, (v) Joe Ludwigs blog, “7 Requirements for an Augmented Reality
Positioning System”, and discussion, (vi) Nokia Mixed Reality - Nokia World, (vii) NSN – 2020: Beyond 4G
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Some number estimates for AR only
With Augmented Reality:
Data rate per
AR user: 50 kb/s – 1 Mb/s depending on who
you ask and applications to be supported
1 – 4 hours use per day (for leisure and professional users)
5 – 25 % of smart phones will be AR enabled
Resulting increase of traffic compared to no-AR:
Mobile data volume per AR-enabled smart phone (25 days /
month): 562 - 45000 MB/month (factor 7 – 570 compared
to today)
Average increase of overall mobile data volume (compared
to today): 20 x more smart phones up to 2.500 more
traffic in the worst case (and this is real-time traffic)
Latency < 50ms
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Requirements
Computation and content caching close to the edge
Minimise latency
Optimised access to air interface
Intelligent choice of transmission technology
Optimised mobility management
Context awareness
Access through any available infrastructure
Different operator
Service handling in the proximity of the users
Local break-out and interconnection of mobile devices directly
Through point-to-point wireless technologies
But still maintain service session control
High-bandwidth upload from multiple mobile users
Lower OPEX through local communication management
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services
Work by Eurescom study P2155
Deutsche
Telekom AG Laboratories
Portugal Telecom Inovação
Orange Labs – France Télécom
Eurescom GmbH
http://www.eurescom.eu/services/eurescomstudy-programme.html
Contact: [email protected]
Augmented human cognition - Supporting networks and services