Transcript Ubiquitous Computing A Look Into Everyware

Ubiquitous Computing
A Look Into Everyware
By Eric Miller
Key Terms
• Ubiquitous – Present, appear, or found
everywhere (omnipresent)
• Context - Info that relates to an entity
• Ontology – Knowledge as a set of concepts
within a domain, and their relationships
What is Ubiquitous Computing?
• Post-desktop model
of human-computer
interactions
• NOT virtual reality
• Seamlessly
interconnected world
Relative Terms
• Pervasive Computing
• Ambient Intelligence
• Everyware
Daddy?
• Mark Weiser
– Father of Ubiquitous Computing
– From Harvey, Illinois
– Chief Scientist at PARC
– Coined Ubiquitous Computing in 1988
– Wrote “The Computer for the 21st Century”
• Interesting views
Weiser
• Three forms of Ubiquitous Computing devices
– Tabs
– Pads
– Boards
• Three more since
– Dust
– Skin
– Clay
Goals
• Natural Interaction
• Ease of Life
• Reliable and accessible Information
“The most profound technologies are the ones that disappear.
They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they
are undistinguishable from it.” – Mark Weiser
Smart Devices
• Needs
– Remote Access
– Power
– Adapt
– Scale
• Wants
– Extends Needs
– Fast
– Anywhere
– Anytime
– Highly Mobile
Smart Devices
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Device Independence
Application Independence
Adaptively and Adaptability
Collective Operation
Context
• Dynamic Context
– Rates of Change
– Evolution
• Relational Context
– Time
– Person to person
Context
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User Context
Device Context
Application Context
Information Context
Environmental Context
Time Context
Historical Context
Relational Context
Context
• Computers
– Gather Data
– Aggregate Data
– Running
Calculations
• Humans
– Defining Contexts
– Determine What is
Important
• Both
– Misunderstandings
– Imperfect
Context Management
• Context Modeling
• Capturing
• Abstraction/Reasoning
– One-to-One
– Context Fusion
– Context Fission
• Dissemination
Context Aware Systems
• Able to sense their environment
– Where You Are
– Who You’re With
– Nearby Resources
• High Development Overheads
• Strong Barriers
• Lack of Infrastructure
Semantic Web
• Provides common framework that allows data
to be shared and reused across application,
enterprise, and community boundaries.
– W3C
• Would aid greatly to Context Aware Systems
• Developed with Ontology Oriented
Programming
Location Awareness
• Devices that sense your or their location
– Passive or Active
• GPS
– Giving Directions
• Warehouse
• Provides Comfort
Sentient Computing
• Sentient – Able to perceive or feel things
• Uses sensors to
perceive its
environment
and react
accordingly
• Uses world
model and
location
awareness
E-Learning
• In Classroom
• Out of Classroom
• Can be self paced or instructor led
Ontology Oriented Programming
• Go!
• Ontological Programming
Challenges
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Anticipating future trends
Meeting future needs
Proximate Future
Infrastructure
Possible?
Security
• Proximate Future
– Always a next step
• Currently Living It
– Mobile technology
– Different from what was expected
• You Decide
Singapore
• Road Payment System
• Text-a-Taxi
Infrastructure
• Will it Work?
– Re-usability
– Manageability
– Accessibility
– Durability
• Out of Date Machines
• Power Issues
• Data Storage
Possible?
• Tupac Hologram
• Accurate Interactions
Security
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Is it wanted?
How Invasive?
Law Changes?
Restrictions
Law Enforcement
Examples
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Coffee Cup
Refrigerator
Automated Lighting
Automated Electronics
Augmented Reality
Examples
Augmented Reality
• Layar
• GPS
Augmented Reality
Augmented Reality
Augmented Reality
Conclusions
• Role of user must be very clearly understood
• Role of environment must be understood
• Current infrastructure must be expanded to
support context aware systems
• Major developments in Ontology Oriented
Programming must be made first
• Must clearly define objects to not get lost in
“proximate future” loop
Questions?
Sources
• http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/14726947-8-26.pdf
• http://www.ics.uci.edu/~jpd/ubicomp/BellDourishYesterdaysTomorrows.pdf
• http://ojs.academypublisher.com/index.php/jsw/article
/view/04099921013/1431
• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~aura/docdir/pcs01.pdf
• http://www.utdallas.edu/~muratk/courses/privacy08f_
files/location_privacy_pervasive_computing.pdf
• http://csce.uark.edu/~nilanb/teaching/papers/kindber
g.pdf