ICOMOS 10 March 2015 ICOMOS Headquarters, Charenton-le-Pont 50th Anniversary Round Table How can international cooperation contribute to addressing the emerging challenges faced by heritage conservation and what is.
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ICOMOS 10 March 2015 ICOMOS Headquarters, Charenton-le-Pont 50th Anniversary Round Table How can international cooperation contribute to addressing the emerging challenges faced by heritage conservation and what is ICOMOS’ role? Moderator: Amel Chabbi, Secretary General of ICOMOS UAE ICOMOS 10 Mars 2015 Siège de l’ICOMOS, Charenton-le-Pont Table ronde du 50ème anniversaire Comment la coopération internationale peut-elle contribuer à relever les nouveaux défis auxquels fait face la conservation du patrimoine et quel est le rôle de l’ICOMOS ? Modératrice : Amel Chabbi, Secrétaire générale d’ICOMOS Émirats Arabes Unis ICOMOS 10 March 2015 ICOMOS Headquarters, Charenton-le-Pont 50th Anniversary Round Table Opening Gustavo Araoz, President of ICOMOS Alfredo Pérez de Armiñán, Assistant Director-General for Culture --Introduction Gustavo Araoz, Président de l’ICOMOS Alfredo Pérez de Armiñán, Sous-Directeur Général pour la Culture Theme 1 Environment / Climate change Environnement / changement climatique Photo © London Permaculture / Flickr Speaker / Intervenant Pamela Jerome – ICOMOS Scientific Council officer ICOMOS Global Climate Change (GCC) and Cultural Heritage: the Work of the ICOMOS Scientific Council Pamela Jerome, AIA, LEED™ AP ICOMOS SC Officer ICOMOS Board Member ICOMOS 125 World Heritage sites are specifically threatened by GCC • 71% Natural World Heritage sites • 46% Cultural World Heritage sites • 8% mixed Cultural and Natural World Heritage sites ICOMOS ICOMOS Pretoria Recommendations: Cultural Heritage and Global Climate Change (2007) (http://www.international.icomos.org/climatechange/pdf/Recommendations _GCC_Symposium_EN.pdf) • Managing static remains in a dynamic landscape • Climate change accelerates the dynamics of the landscape ICOMOS Polar Heritage • Elements accustomed to or designed for the cold deteriorate rapidly in rising temperatures • Changes in landscape may lead to disappearance of the place altogether • Loss of foundation rigidity as permafrost melts ICOMOS Polar Heritage (cont’d) ICOMOS Earthen Architectural Heritage • Often vernacular structures are very linked to the environmental conditions of their regional context • Very little modification of building material from its source; without maintenance it more readily returns to its origins ICOMOS Earthen Architectural Heritage (cont’d) ICOMOS Structural Stability • Change of structure’s vulnerability to different kinds of problems than designed for • Migration of wood-eating insect species • Movement of lower-level biological growths • Wetting and drying out of clayey soils • Melting of permafrost ICOMOS Structural Stability (cont’d) ICOMOS Archaeological Sites • Physical impacts on soils, hydrology, chemistry, etc. for subsurface sites • Conservation complications by poor past interventions exacerbated • Increase in “underwater” sites • Melting glaciers put frozen sites at risk ICOMOS Archaeological Sites (cont’d) ICOMOS Vernacular/Historic Villages and Cities • • • • Lack of public awareness Faulty municipal regulations Need for regional guidelines Urban sprawl affects economics of the environment • Upgrade energy efficiency of traditional buildings • Need for greener conservation practice ICOMOS Vernacular/Historic Villages and Cities (cont’d) ICOMOS Intangible Heritage • Loss of natural features, flora and fauna will result in loss of living traditions • Population movement will put pressure on un-impacted cultural landscapes • Relocation will result in loss of traditional caretakers and repair technologies • Impacts on cultural practices ICOMOS Intangible Heritage (cont’d) ICOMOS Monitoring: Data Gathering • • • • • • • Air temperature RH, internal and external Ground temperature – surface Ground temperature – minus 1 m Ground moisture content Monument wall temperature Monument moisture content ICOMOS Monitoring (cont’d) • • • • • • Low/high tide marks Mobilization of salts Proportion of soluble salts Quality of water Technical data Meteorological data (precipitation – amount and pattern, freeze/thaw, maximum/minimum temperatures, wind velocity and direction, altitude) Theme 2 Conflicts Photo © DVIDSHUB / Flickr Conflits Speaker / Intervenant Bijan Rouhani, PhD. ICOMOS representative on the Blue Shield board, VP of ICOMOS- ICORP ICOMOS Taskforce on Iraq and Syria ICOMOS Bostan al Dewan- Homs, Syria. Photo: Lens Young Homsi, 2012. ICOMOS Destruction Reconstruction Non-state Actors and Destruction of Cultural Heritage ICOMOS ICOMOS Apamea, Syria After Looting, 2013 ICOMOS ICOMOS Aleppo, Syria Timbuktu, Mali Bamiyan, Afghanistan Hatra, Iraq ICOMOS Archaeological Site of Sabratha, Libya ICOMOS Over 43 million people are forcibly displaced because of conflict and persecution ICOMOS ICOMOS • Collecting and sharing information on threats to cultural property worldwide; • Raising public awareness about damage to cultural heritage; • Promoting standards of disaster risk management • Providing professional expertise The Enhanced Protection Regime The 1999 Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention Conditions: 1-Cultural heritage of the greatest importance for humanity; 2- protected by adequate domestic legal and administrative measures ; 3- it is not used for military purposes or to shield military sites and a declaration has been made by the Party which has control over the cultural property, confirming that it will not be so used. ICOMOS ICOMOS’ Activities for the protection of Syria's cultural heritage • Networking and partnership with international and Syrian heritage organisations • Training and capacity building for the protection of cultural heritage • Technical assistance • Documentation and mapping • Awareness rising Technical Assistance ICOMOS Step by Step Guidance for The Protection of Fragments of Cultural Objects and Debris of Damaged Monuments for Syrian First Responder Teams to Cultural Heritage in Times of Armed Conflict” ICOMOS Distance Learning Course ICOMOS • Working with all institutional partners in heritage sector • Joint programming with humanitarian, security, and development agencies Theme 3 Cultural diversity Diversité culturelle Speaker / Intervenant Toshiyuki Kono, Member of ICOMOS Japan ICOMOS Vice President ICOMOS The Venice Charter (1964) • Piero Gazzola (Italy), Chairman • Raymond Lemaire (Belgium), Reporter • Jose Bassegoda-Nonell (Spain) • Luis Benavente (Portugal) • Djurdje Boskovic (Yugoslavia) • Hiroshi Daifuku (UNESCO) • P.L de Vrieze (Netherlands) • Harald Langberg (Denmark) • Mario Matteucci (Italy) • Jean Merlet (France) • Carlos Flores Marini (Mexico) • • • • • • • • • • • • Roberto Pane (Italy) S.C.J. Pavel (Czechoslovakia) Paul Philippot (ICCROM) Victor Pimentel (Peru) Harold Plenderleith (ICCROM) Deoclecio Redig de Campos (Vatican) Jean Sonnier (France) Francois Sorlin (France) Eustathios Stikas (Greece) Mrs. Gertrud Tripp (Austria) Jan Zachwatowicz (Poland) Mustafa S. Zbiss (Tunisia) ICOMOS The Venice Charter Originality of design, material, setting, and workmanship (OG 1977 version) ICOMOS Warsaw 1944 Reconstructed in 1949-1953 - Nominated in 1978 - Referral - “Exceptionally inscribed” in 1980 ICOMOS 1981 Florence Charter - adopted by ICOMOS in 1982 “The authenticity of historic garden depends as much on the design and scale of its various part [article 9]” ICOMOS The Nara Document in 1994: Credibility of Information source 高岡市 勝興寺 ICOMOS Heritage and Society: Nara+20 1. Diversity of heritage processes 2. The evolution of values 3. The involvement of multiple stakeholders 4. conflicting claims and interpretation 5. Sustainable development ICOMOS “Evolving Values, Heritage Practice & Authenticity” Buddhist Temples and Dzongs of Bhutan ICOMOS ICOMOS Future：a way forward • Community as main stakeholder; Heritage practitioners as users • Interdisciplinary collaborations; Synergy effects by cooperation • Reconstruction; Living Heritage; Cultural Landscape • Relationship between authenticity and integrity – tangible and intangible heritage; cultural and natural heritage • Confidence and Ethics; Multiple dialogues by stakeholders Photo © Lindsay Young / Flickr Theme 4 Globalization and Sustainable economic development Mondialisation et développement économique soutenable Speaker / Intervenant Rohit Jigyasu, President of ICOMOS India ICOMOS We can no longer treat ‘cultural heritage’ as isolated Monuments and Sites ICOMOS Cultural Heritage is the context for Social and Spiritual functions of Communities ICOMOS Cultural heritage is a source of distinct ecological relationships that have ensured sustainability of human settlements over time ICOMOS …and a Source of Livelihood of Communities ICOMOS Urbanizing world 7 • World is passing through great urban upsurge • Number of people living in cities equaled those in villages in 2007 and is rising ever since • 1.29 billion people is being added to our cities during 2007-25 Population in Billions 6.4 6 4.6 5 4 3.3 3.25 2.6 3 3.1 2 2.7 1.8 2.7 1.3 1 0.8 0 1950 1975 2000 Urban 2007 2025 2050 Rural World Population Prospects, 2008, UN ICOMOS Urban Heritage under Tremendous Pressure ICOMOS Heritage Structures may have changed relationships to its urban surroundings both in physical and social terms ICOMOS Urban heritage under pressure due to economic activities ICOMOS Occupancy and Onwership Loss of Local Ecology due to Urbanization ICOMOS Unregulated sprawl has severe impact on land – the non-renewable resource ICOMOS ICOMOS Does planning framework recognize this diversity of physical, social, economic and ecological dimensions of cultural heritage? ICOMOS Conservation of Cultural Heritage Large Gaps Development Disaster Risk Management & Climate Change Adaptation Critical Challenge of Mainstreaming Sustainable Development & Disaster Risk Reduction ICOMOS Cultural Heritage Needs should be integrated into sustainable development and Disaster Risk Reduction policies Cultural Heritage Sustainable Development & DRR Sustainable development and Disaster Risk Reduction should be introduced into management of Cultural Heritage Cultural Heritage ICOMOS Cultural heritage is not merely for protection but is a social, economic and environmental asset for Sustainable Development Cultural Heritage management as an approach for development Coordination between Stakeholders: A Challenge Civic Defence Municipality Disaster Management NGOs ICOMOS Services Environment Community Development Sector Agency of Culture Private Owners Community Public Transport Heritage Sector Trusts Housing Land use Planning ICOMOS Potential Role of ICOMOS • Institutional collaboration with key international, regional, national and local organizations working in development, disaster management and climate change sectors • This would ensure mainstreaming of cultural heritage within larger sustainable development discourse • And enable inter-disciplinary research that identifies the interface of culture heritage with other sectors ICOMOS Thank you