Transcript Irrigation is Not Possible Without Water ! Will we be able to source Irrigation Water ?

Irrigation is Not Possible Without Water !
Will we be able to source Irrigation Water ?
St. Joseph, MI
LaPorte, IN
Elkhart , IN
LaGrange, IN
Branch, MI
St. Joseph, MI
Kalamazoo, MI
Cass , MI
Van Buren , MI
Farmers have benefited St. Joseph river basins,
rural economies by investing $140,632,345 in
irrigation equipment in this nine county area.
7
Inches of Water
6
Needed Irrigation
5.5”
Corn Water Use
Normal Rainfall
5
4
Normal rainfall
34.6
3
2
Crop need
15.6” total
1
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Lyndon Kelley,
MSU Extension / Purdue University
Irrigation Management Agent
• Irrigation System Uniformity
• Preventing Irrigation Runoff (comparing irrigation
application rate to soil infiltration rate)
• Irrigation Scheduling
• Record keeping
• Avoiding water use conflicts
Irrigation System
Evaluations for Uniformity
Over and Under applied areas will
likely be over or under applied
each application multiplying the
negative effect.
A 30% deviation on a field in an 8”
irrigation application year will
have areas receiving as little as
5.6” and as great as 10.4”
A 15% or less deviation from the
average is ideal.
Catch Can Volume (ml)
180
160
Sprinkler overlap
with end gun
140
Can Volume (ml)
120
100
80
60
Catc h Can Volume (ml)
40
Tower
1
20
Tower
3
Tower
5
Tower
7
Tower
8
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Distance from Pivot (ft)
1200
1400
1600
Irrigation Scheduling
Checkbook Method
Think of your soil as a bank
Water holding capacity:
The soil (bank) can hold
only a given volume of
water before it allow it to
pass lower down.
Rooting depth:
The plant can only get
water to the depth of
it’s roots.
Soil type :
Heavier soil can hold
more water / foot of
depth than light soils
Intake rate:
Water applied faster than
the soil intake rate is lost.
Deletion:
Plants may can pull
out only 30 – 60% of
the water
Water lost from the bottom of the profile can wash out (leach) water
soluble nutrients and pesticides.
http://www.agry.purdue.edu/irrigation/
Annex 2001
• States and provinces will manage their
own in-basin withdrawals
• Basin-wide, resource-based standard
– flexible application
• Each jurisdiction will commit to
establishing a program, including
thresholds, to manage or regulate new or
increased withdrawals consistent with the
standard.
Indiana Significant Water
Withdrawal Facility Regulations
Water Rights: Emergency Regulation
-Indiana Code 14-25-4
Emergency Regulation of Surface Water Rights
-Indiana Code 14-25-5
Significant Water Withdrawal Facility (SWWF)
Registration - Indiana Code 14-25-7
Water Rights: Emergency
Regulation -Indiana Code 14-25-4
Owners of small capacity water wells are protected
against the impacts of high capacity ground-water
pumpage.
1)
the small capacity well has failed to provide its normal supply of
water due a substantial lowering of the ground water level in the area,
and;
2)
that the lowering of the ground water level was caused by one or
more significant ground water withdrawal facilities, and;
3)
that the well and its equipment were functioning properly at the time
of the failure, and;
4)
that, if installed after December 31, 1985, the small capacity well
was constructed in accordance with Nonrule Policy Document
Information Bulletin #26 (1986 thru 1990) or Rule 312 IAC 12 (Acrobat
pdf file) (1991 to present);
The DNR director shall, by temporary order, declare a
ground water emergency and require timely and
reasonable compensation be provided to the owner of the
small capacity well. "Timely and reasonable compensation"
consists of, and is limited to the following:
1) The immediate temporary provision at the prior point of use of an
adequate supply of potable water.
2) Reimbursement of expenses reasonably incurred by the complainant
to do the following:
A)
obtain an immediate temporary provision at the prior point of use
of an adequate supply of potable water;
B) the restoration of the affected small capacity well to its former
relative capability;
C) the permanent provision at the point of use of an alternate potable
supply of equal quantity; or
D) the permanent restriction or scheduling of the high capacity
pumpage so that the affected water well continues to provide its
normal supply of water, or its normal supply of potable water if the
well normally furnishes potable water.
The DNR Can force you to make it right
for the neighbor
1) Provide a temporary source of water, quickly, and till the
issue is resolved
2) Pay the cost for the neighbor to :
1. to get temporary supply of potable water at his house
till the issue is resolved or
2. to fix his well so he get as much water as he did before
or
3. drill a new well at his site equal to his original well or
4. Change your pumping practice so he gets the volume
and quality he had before
Water Rights: Emergency
Regulation -Indiana Code 14-25-4
Over the past 20 years DNR has investigated over
1700 complaints
383 required the SWWF pay for modifications to
neighbors well (about 23%)
25 required administrative action to be resolved
Compensation was limited to correction of the well
problem and temporary water supply
Does your well
affect
neighbors?
Groundwater
flow direction
Home
well
Irrigation
well
Groundwater
Flow
Home
well
Irrigation
well
Zone of influence
Zone of
influence
Home
well
Significant Water Withdrawal
Facility (SWWF) Registration
Indiana Code 14-25-7-15
• Ground or surface sources
• Registration – reporting Threshold >100, 000
gallon / day
• Combined capacity of one or more withdrawals
• Dose not include off-stream impoundments
• Registration within 3 month of completion
Significant Water Withdrawal
Facility (SWWF) Registration
Indiana Code 14-25-7
Water Use Reporting
• All registered ground or surface sources
• Report due March 31, for previous years use
• Customized form sent to each Significant Water
Withdrawal Facility owner or manager.
• Responciblity of the land owner, can be delegated
Methods of Estimating Water Use
• water application multiplied by # of
applications, plus estimate of additional water
use, (Acre Inches)
• pump capacity multiplied by run time: or
fuel/power use per hour,
• flow meter: meters actual flow, note
maintenance and calibration concerns,
• Industry average numbers (Mid West Plan
Service or ASAE) with appropriate adjustments
(not appropriate for high variable water uses
such as irrigation).
Example: Acre Inches
Joe farmer has a 160 acre field with 142 actual irrigated
acres. He applied .75 inches of water at each application.
One application was made in June and 3 during July and
3 in August.
Month
Number
of Appl.
Rate in
Inches
Irrigated acres
Water Use
June
1
.75
142
106.5 Acre inches.
July
3
.75
142
319.5 Acre inches.
August
3
.75
142
319.5 Acre inches.
Total
745.5 Acre inches.
1 acre inch =27,154 gallons
(745.5 Acre inches ) 27,154 gallons = 20,243,307 gallons
Pump capacity multiplied by run time
Larry monitors the hour meter to track maintenance
needs and now water use. Larry checked his pumping
capacity multiplied by his average run time to irrigate one
inch water on a field (1” on 72 acre in 60hrs ) against the
total irrigated gallon needed to apply an inch of water to
that field and found the to be very close at (543 gal/min.).
Month
June
July
August
Total
Hours of
run time.
70
210
200
Pumping Rate
Water Use
33,000 gal /hour 2,310,000 gallons
33,000 gal /hour 6,930,000 gallons
33,000 gal /hour 6,600,000 gallons
15,840,000 gallons
Significant Water Withdrawal
Facility (SWWF) Registration
Indiana Code 14-25-7-15
Minimum stream flows and minimum ground
water levels.
Can be established by the Natural
Resources Commission
Reflect seasonal and regional variation
Commission has never utilized this provision
Irrigation Water use 2005
• Surface water 20531.29 million gallons
• Ground water 41532.54 million gallons
• Total
62063.83 million gallons
• 62 billion gallons of irrigation water
• About 7 “ per irrigated acre.
Emergency Regulation of Surface
Water Rights Indiana Code 14-25-5
• freshwater lake that contains at least ten
(10) acres ,at normal level
• natural origin; or originally constructed to
permanently retain water
• in existence at least five (5) years before
the commencement of water withdrawals
• Significant water withdrawal facility“
withdraw capability (100,000) gallons of
water in one (1) day (70 gpm continuous)
Emergency Regulation of Surface
Water Rights Indiana Code 14-25-5
• significantly below the lake's normal level as
legally established
• significantly below the water line or shoreline as
determined by existing water level records or by
the action of the water that has marked upon the
soil of the bed of the lake
• believed to be caused by at least one active
significant water withdrawal facility operated
within one-half (1/2) mile of the freshwater lake;
Emergency Regulation of Surface
Water Rights Indiana Code 14-25-5
• If an onsite investigation under section 6 of this chapter
discloses that:
• (1) the operation of at least one significant water
withdrawal facility has caused the freshwater lake to be
lowered significantly below a level described
• (2) the lowering of the lake level is likely to result in
significant environmental harm to the freshwater lake or
to adjacent property;
• the director shall, by temporary order, declare a
freshwater lake emergency.
Emergency Regulation of Surface
Water Rights Indiana Code 14-25-5
A temporary order may:
(1) restrict the quantity of water that is extracted by the
causative significant water withdrawal facility; and
(2) provide for the restoration of the normal water level of
the freshwater lake;
as needed to prevent significant environmental harm to
the freshwater lake or adjacent property.
A restoration order may allow the significant water
withdrawal facility to discharge water of an acceptable
quality into the affected freshwater lake.
Emergency Regulation of Surface Water
Rights Indiana Code 14-25-5
• Significant water withdrawal facility may obtain
relief from a temporary order issued by filing a
financial responsibility bond in an amount :
• not <$1,000 or > $10,000 for each acre
contained in the freshwater lake. - not to exceed
fifty thousand dollars ($50,000).
• financial responsibility bond are not an option if
the lake or an adjacent property contains an
extraordinary or a unique natural resource that
is likely to be irreparably damaged as a result of
the lowering of the freshwater lake.
Emergency Regulation of Surface Water
Rights Indiana Code 14-25-5
Significant water withdrawal facility and a complaining lake
owner may enter into a written agreement for
compensation to the lake owner instead of bond
forfeiture if:
• the operator and lake owner have not entered into an
agreement within 3 years after a temporary order and
• the freshwater lake has not returned to normal;
The director shall order the forfeit to the benefit of the lake
owner of the part of the bond that is needed to provide
compensation
• shall be distributed to multiple affected complaining lake
owners on a pro rata basis.
Emergency Regulation of Surface Water
Rights Indiana Code 14-25-5
Since 1994 DNR has investigated about
dozen cases
Three cases met the criteria of cause and
effect
all where public water supplies or quarry
mining,
two had significant environmental damage
Observations
•
•
•
•
Avoid wells within ½ mile of lakes
Keep good records of use
Be prepared to plead your case
Remember average evaporation from a
water surface is > 30” over the summer.
•