Transcript Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan WMO Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation TECO-2010 Helsinki, Finland, 31 August.

Recent Improvement of Integrated
Observation Systems in Japan
WMO Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental
Instruments and Methods of Observation
TECO-2010
Helsinki, Finland, 31 August 2010
Kenji AKAEDA
Observations Division, Observations Department
JMA
Severe Weather in JAPAN
- torrential downpour / typhoon -
Violent Wind
Recent Disaster Distribution
(1998-2004)
Landslide
Precipitation at Nagoya, 2000
1 hour precipitation
accumulation
Flood
Overview of the Observational Systems in JMA
Upper-air Observations
Surface
Observation
GPS
Observation
Meteorological
Satellite
Weather Radar
Lightning
Monitoring
JMA
Doppler Lidar
Weather forecast
Advisory
Warning
etc.
Disaster managers
TV stations
private weather associations
the nation
Surface Observation Network
Observatories
156
〇,＋, 〇 AWS
1042
(〇 rainfall, temperature, wind, sunshine
476)
(＋ rainfall, temperature, wind, sunshine, snowfall
210)
(〇 rainfall
356)
Each stations locate in intervals of about 17km.
every
10sec
Center System
(JMA Headquarters)
every
10min
Observatory
AWS
Upgrade to observe maximum
instantaneous wind speed to
monitor typhoon or gusty wind
Automated Weather Station
Observatories
(unmanned)
Observatories
QC / HK
AWS
QC / HK
QC / HK
JMA Headquarters (Tokyo)
Data statistics/archive system
data
archive
data statistics
QC /QA(nonreal-time)
Web Server
observations entered manually
(visibility, weather, etc)
Data Collection Server
Data Sharing/Storage Server
CLIMAT
spatial consistency,
time-series consistency,
climate range checks
data
dissemination
data
processing
SYNOP
BUFR
data dissemination
(Publication, CD-ROM,
Internet, etc)
Data collection/processing system
QC / QA(real-time)
numeric ranges, intra-consistency
checks,
to add the quality flag to the datum
JMA Computer System for Meteorological
Services
JMA users
Public
GTS
Users
Users (Organizations, NMHSs)
Upper-air Observation Network
16 (Average interval = 350km)
31 (Average interval = 110km)
Kushiro
GPS Radiosonde (16)
Matsue
Wind Profiler (31)
Automatic Balloon Launcher (8)
6
Data Flow in Soundings of JMA
ABL sites
SHIONOMISAKI
HACHIJYOUJIMA
MATSUE
NAZE
MINAMIDAITO
JIMA
WAJIMA
KUSHIRO
CONTROL CENTER
（JMA HQ）
For numerical weather
prediction models
Global
Telecommunication
System
Ishigakijima
To JMA HQ
・Sounding data
・Status data
To Sites
・Control command
At CONTROLCENTER
・Quality control of data
・Remote-controlling of ABL.
DATA
Forecast
Made for each models
MBL sites
Manned launched site
For weather watches
DATA
WEB Contents
Data Strage
WAKKNAI
SAPPORO
AKITA
TATENO
FUKUOKA
KAGOSHIMA
CHICHIJIMA
MINAMI
TORISIMA
Data flow and QC of Wind Profiler
Radome
Radome type
Standard type
CONTROL CENTER
（JMA Headquarters）
40 N
QC
every 10min
30 N
130 E
140 E
JMA is preparing WPR guidance material as
IOM publication
 at site
• ground clutter removal
• spectrum width check
• migrating bird removal
• precipitation effect removal
 at Center
• quadric surface check
• vertical shear check
• manual check
Comparison of Rawinsonde and Wind Profiler
Measurements
80
Correlation of u- and v- component
measurements for the wind profiler and the
rawinsonde, both located at Hachijyojima in
2008.
UR (m/s)
y = 0.9627x + 0.0484
R2 = 0.972
40
30
0
-40
-40
0
UP (m/s)
40
80
80
VP－VS[m/s]
u-component:
avg. -0.36m/s
std. 2.13m/s
0
v-component:
avg. -0.02m/s
y = 0.9757x + 0.0712
R2 = 0.934
std. 2.06m/s
VR (m/s)
40
-30
-30
0
0
UP－US[m/s]
30
Differences between wind profiler and
rawinsonde wind component measurements
(N=7514).
-40
-40
0
40
VP(m/s)
80
GPS Precipitable Water Observation
GEONET
(GPS Earth Observation NETwork)
AMeDAS (AWS)
GEONET is comprised of about 1200 GPS observation sites
installed by the Geographical Survey Institute, Japan. The main
purpose of GEONET is observing crustal movement with
10
earthquakes.
Impact of GPS precipitable water on NWP
3-hour cumulative rainfall predicted by JMA’s 5-km MSM
Radar Data Flow
Radar Data
Radar Data
Radar Data
Radar Data
Radar Data
Control
Center
Quality Assured
3-D Doppler
Velocity Data
Tornado
Nowcasting
Lightning activity
up to next 1hour
Quality Assured
3-D Reflectivity
Data
Every 5minutes
Nationwide
Radar
Composite Map
Every 30 minutes
Rain gauge data
by AWS
Hazardous wind
occurrence probability
up to next 1hour
Radarraingauge
Composite
Map
Lightning
Nowcasting
Rainfall intensity
up to next 1 hour
Precipitaion
Nowcasting
Straightforward
extrapolation
Rainfall
up to next 6 hours
Data assimilation
using 4D-VAR
Messocale
Numerical
Model
Short-term
Precipitation
Forecasting
Non-hydrostatic 5 km12
Model
operated every 3 hours
Sample of Lightning and Tornado Nowcast
After 1h Lightning Nowcast
Current Situation
After 1h Tornado Nowcast
Summary
Most of the observational systems are remotely monitored
and controled by central system and whole data are gathered
to the central system.
QC / QA is important and JMA combines several method to
keep data quality.
AWS improved to output maximum instantaneous wind speed.
All radiosonde systems are upgraded to GPS sonde. JMA
operates 8 ABL, HGS and 8 normal radiosonde system.
JMA has stably operated 31 WPR for 10 years. JMA is now
preparing WPR guidance material as IOM.
GPS precipitable water data are routinely used in NWP.
16 radars out of 20 radars are upgraded to Doppler radar.
Doppler velocity data are utilized in NWP and monitoring
tornadoes. Radar data are also utilized for lightning and
tornado nowcasting.
Thank you !
Radiosonde Data Flow
GPS satellite signal
Radiosonde signal
Surface observation data
incorporated in the upper air report
JMA Headquarters (Tokyo)
Data Storage Server
Calculate of
observation
( including quality
control procedures
such as gross
error checks )
Ascent data
(PTU,Wind)
Descent data
（PTU,Location）
A/N Report
(for domestic use)
QC / QA (non-real-time)
Data Statistics/Archive System
QC / QA (non-real-time)
JMA
Computer System for
Meteorological
Services
CLIMAT
TEMP
TEMP message
GTS
Radiosonde stations (16)
Users
16
Example of migrating-birds echo
Fukui
19 NOV
2002
wind
Height (km)
(47616)
Time (JST)
Wind
Profiler in JMA
Time
(JST)
17
Wind Profiler Data Flow
Profiler-3
Profiler-30
Profiler-2
10 minute values of Doppler
velocity and signal intensity
being sent every 10 minutes
Profiler-1
WINDAS
CONTROL CENTER
（JMA Headquarters）
Profiler-31
Data quality control
and remote control of
profilers being made
Horizontal and vertical components of wind and signal
intensity being sent with BUFR code every 1 hour
C O S M E T S （JMA Central Computer）
NAPS
Every 1 hour
Forecast
made with
Meso-scale model
ADESS
Everｙ 1 hour
Hourly analysis
made with
Meso-scale model
10 minute data being sent
every 1 hour
Wind profiler data
GTS
18
Nationwide Radar Composite Map
Composite Processing
Low-Altitude reflectivity
of each Radar
Z-R Conversion
(Z=200B1.6)
Quality Control
Radar-AMeDAS
Processing
Calibration Factor
of each Radar
Calibration
Combining
(Maximum)
Nationwide
Radar Echo Composite Data