Transcript Overview of Green ICT BCS Academics Forum 14 November 2008 Margaret Ross, Southampton Solent University, UK Bob Crooks DEFRA.

Overview of Green ICT
BCS Academics Forum
14 November 2008
Margaret Ross,
Southampton Solent University, UK
Bob Crooks
DEFRA
Why go Green...?
– Climate Change => warming, disasters (fires and
floods), loss of biodiversity, less to go round more
– Population growth, 2000 to 2030 of 2.2billion, of which
2.0billion likely to be located in cities*
– 5 billion people consume 20% and 1 billion consume
80% (Ericsson)
=> we need 2.5 planets to bring everyone up to the US/EU levels
of living
=> energy, food and resource costs will rise
=> “we have to do more with less” (Buckminster-Fuller)
*“World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision”, www.unpopulation.org
Greening the UK
• UK government has a Kyoto target to reduce greenhouse
gases by 60% by 2050 (Climate Change Bill)
• UK annual CO2 emissions = 560 million tonnes of which
=> 22mtonnes from ICT => 4% and this is growing
• And ICT is an increasingly important contributor to Carbon
emissions in the UK => the footprint for computer usage
now exceeds that for the UK aircraft industry and growing
business and domestic use of ICT
• Government is largest ICT spender in UK: some £14b per
annum
The response ...pressure on
UK government & industry
• UK Government’s sustainable procurement action plan
identified computing as an area for urgent consideration.
• HMG Green ICT strategy includes
– Carbon neutrality by 2012 for ICT in use
– Carbon neutrality by 2020 across the ICT lifecycle
– Things to do!
• Local Authorities required to indicate how they plan to
contribute to the national energy saving target of 9% by
2017.
We need
• Students and staff to
– understand the issues, be aware and skilled in
tackling them, promote green behaviours
– use their own and Estab’s ICT in greener ways
• Educational establishments to see Green as
– enhancing reputation and attraction for students
– reducing costs (less Carbon = Less energy => less
cost)
• Courses to provide
– Accreditation of Green skills and knowledge
– Green dimensions
The end user...
• Knowledge/awareness
• Behaviour changes
Relate to Employee at Work
and Home
Estimations produced before Christmas by the
Carbon Trust which indicated
• failure to turn off equipment over the festive
season cost UK businesses £6.2 million a day
• 550,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide will have been
needlessly emitted into the atmosphere.
Www. Computing.co.uk/greencomputing
Relate to Employee at Work
and Home
Survey by Logicalis indicated
• 85% of employees switch off their home PC
when they have finished with it,
• only 66% turn off work machines after use
Www. Computing.co.uk/greencomputing
Energy-saving IT
from Carbon Trust
• A computer left on 24/7 will cost about £37 a
year, whereas by switching off at night and
weekends, the charge can be reduced to about
£10 a year - and save an equivalent amount of
energy to make some 34,900 cups of coffee
• Lighting an office overnight wastes enough
energy to heat water for 1,000 cups of tea
Energy-saving IT
from Carbon Trust
• A typical window left open overnight in winter
will waste enough energy to drive a small car for
more than 35 miles
• A PC monitor switched off overnight saves
enough energy to microwave six dinners
• Turning off all non essential equipment in an
office for one night will save enough energy to
run a small car for 100 miles
Energy-saving IT
from Carbon Trust
• Monitors account for almost two-thirds of a
computer's energy use
• Office equipment is the fastest-growing area
of energy use, accounting for up to 20% of
total energy use.
Www.Computing.co.uk/greencomputing
Raising Student Awareness
Identify suitable articles, such as from Computing and
Computer Weekly, with brief description and web
reference for further information, on the students' Virtual
Learning Environment.
• Students asked to read these, and the follow-up web links
• In tutorials, a short quiz entitled “What's this all about"
• Student teams identify and expand on the particular
situation, from relevant articles in the previous two weeks.
• Encourages a deeper understanding of the various topics,
and keeps students' knowledge current
Associated Topics
Video and Tele conferencing
• Initial face-to-face meetings,
• Time zones, cultural issues
• Reduced networking opportunities
Teleworking
• Heating, lighting in individual home
• Additional IT equipment
• Reduced travel
• Available room/security at home
• Family life
• Isolation and reduced networking
Assignments and Projects
Assessment:
• Case history or evaluation of an organisation
• Survey, eg of local SMEs
• Audits
• Learning Activities, eg multi-choice questions
Identifying for an organisation
• Benefits and risks
• “Road map” with priorities justified,
• Budget, time scale
• Business case
The organisation...
• A Champion?
• Knowledge/awareness
• Behaviour changes
The Journey to Effective Greening
• The first step on the journey is raising awareness at
all levels.
• Its about technology and about behaviours
• Needs leadership => appoint a senior member as
"champion" of the Greening Policies and Practices.
• Needs employee commitment => Expose the current
consumption to win hearts and minds.
• Go for the blindingly obvious things now – don’t
move deckchairs around!
The Journey to Effective Greening
=> Get a champion to...
• Understand best practice from journals, latest
reports, many freely available from the Internet,
• Do the obvious things now, eg buy greener kit at
next refresh eg Energy Star rated (like Fridges)
• Get others to be aware of how to use IT to work
and do business in greener ways.
=> Reduce Daily Consumption
turn it down or switch it off!
• Awareness sessions and posters to staff to
switch off the lights when not required;
• Lights to automatically switch off when no
movement within the room;
• Switching off computers, when not required,
either by the users or automatically;
• Reduce default brightness settings on
monitors
PC Pro Labs Survey of Desktop PC users - PC utilisation over 24 hours
5%
5%
13%
Non-use
Idle
Light use
Medium
10%
67%
Heavy
TURN IT OFF!...
Other ideas for tackling your PC/laptop footprint (from
HMG Green ICT strategy list of Practical Actions)
Remove active screensavers – a monitor uses the same power to run
a screen saver as to run a working Windows display
Procure monitors with standby settings and use them!
Enable active power management on PCs and Laptops (standby /
hibernate after a defined period of inactivity)
Specify low-power consumption CPUs and high-efficiency Power
Supply Units (80% conversion or better)
Use appropriate technology for your ways of working eg Thin Client for
desk-based work, laptop to enable flexible working
And.. other office devices (from HMG Green ICT strategy list
of Practical Actions)
• Apply timer switches to non-networked technology and printers
• Set default green printing including duplex and grey scale
• Optimise power-saving sleep mode on printers
• Share printers
• Share other devices eg comms devices, faxes, servers
=> Take Less from the Environment
• Use recycled paper;
• Use recycled print cartridges;
• Set printers for double-sided or side by side (or
both!) printing as the default option;
• Or even consider...Why print?
MANUFACTURE OF PC ACCOUNTS FOR ~80% OF THE TOTAL
ENERGY USED IN A 3 YEAR LIFE-CYCLE
Life-cycle energy consumption for a typical office PC and screen* over 3 years,
(100% = 7,900 MJ)
• Extension of usable lifespan rather
19%
than immediate recycling of
components
100%
81%
• Extending the life of a 3 year-old
PC by 2 years would reduce the
annual average energy use over
the lifetime of the PC by
approximately 30%
• Nevertheless ensure that the
recipients recycle systems
appropriately at end-of-life
• Excludes disposal costs
Manufacture
of equipment
3 years
usage
Total
*NB Screen used in this analysis was CRT;
Source: Eric Williams (UN University, Tokyo) 2005; team analysis
23
EXTENDING PC LIFE BY 2 YEARS REDUCES AVERAGE LIFE-CYCLE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION PER YEAR BY AROUND 30%
Desktop PC replaced after 3 years, MJ
• Replacing a PC
1,000
6,400
15,300
1,500
after 3 years will
require a total of
15,300 MJ of energy
in manufacture and
use over 5 years
• Using the same PC
for the full 5 years
will require a total of
8,900 MJ in
manufacture and
use over 5 years
6,400
Build Ist PC
and monitor
Use first
PC (3yrs)
Build 2nd PC
Use 2nd PC
(2 years)
• Extending the
Desktop PC used for 5 years (refurbished after 3
years), MJ
0
1,000
1,500
8,900
6,400
Manufacture
of first PC
and monitor
Use of first
PC
Refurbish
first PC
lifetime of a PC
reduces the total
life-cycle energy
consumption by
around 30% per
year over the 5
years
Use of
refurbished
first PC
* Screen used in analysis was CRT; use of LCD reduces in-use energy consumption, increases manufacturing energy consumption
Source: Fraunhofer Institute; Eric Williams et. al. (Tokyo) 2005; team analysis
24
=> Take Less from the Environment
• Upgrade rather than replace
• Check "Green" rating of all purchases (EPEAT,
Energy Star, ECMA ...);
• Government ‘Quick Wins’ criteria
• Make the case for carbon : buy video/tele
conferencing - save travel;
• Assess value of investment in energy terms as
well as business function
=> Use ICT to Attack the 98%
•
Reduce paper and presence, increase use of ICT
•
Electronic meetings – video and tele conf’cing, webinars
•
Encourage smarter working
–
–
•
•
Team and course sites
Access anytime anywhere
And in the office/workspace
–
Utilise the concept of "hot rooming" to reduce the heating and lighting to a
limited area, outside normal working hours
–
Improve the physical security so staff feel able to start and work later, so
maybe reduce overall space required to house everyone at a peak time
=> Dispose Carefully
Effect on firms of WEEE:
• Must maintain asset register
• Contracts (new for old products)
• Care in disposal eg hazardous substances in
CRT and plasma screens
=> Dispose Carefully
• Providing separate bins for staff to separate their
waste for re-cycling;
• Re-cycle replaced but working equipment, eg gifts
to employees or for refurbishment to local or
overseas schools;
• Deletion of data when going to charity/staff
• Ethical aspects - immediate and
also long-term (benefit to offshore charities long-term problem disposal at end of life)
And if you have servers or use a small data centre... what
you may not know is that...
=> one server requires same amount of power to cool it as to run it!
=> servers can run at higher temperatures than assumed
=> servers are typically only loaded to 30 or 40% of capacity
•
Server Optimisation
• Storage virtualisation & capacity management
• Convert existing physical servers to “virtual servers”
• Turn off servers outside their service level agreement,
• Create “virtual servers” instead of procuring physical new servers.
• Implement a multi-tiered storage solution
•
Reduce cooling in the data centre, turn up the temperature!
•
Remove unused capacity (servers and data disks)
•
Specify power conversion efficient Power Supply Units
•
Ensure re-use of equipment
•
Carry out a Data centre audit eg to ensure no unused devices, best use of
space, best positioning for cooling
The Data Centre...
Data Centre
Data
CentreUtilisation
Utilisation
D a t a C e nt r e P owe r U t i l i sa t i on
45%
Power &
Cooling
IT Load
Serverutilisation
utilisation
Server
Power utilisation by a server
=> 55% into power and cooling
30%
=> 40% into supply/fans..
Power
supply,
fans,
Processor
Processor utilisation
20%
=> 2% into active processor
Source: Computacentre
DATA CENTRE RATIONALISATION PROJECTS CAN ACHIEVE
ENERGY COST SAVINGS OF 50% TO 80%
• Reduce maintenance
5% to 15%
of original
usage
5% to 15%
of updated
usage
46-78%
reduction
100% of
original
energy
usage
Switch off
unused
servers
Consolidate
services
Virtualise
servers
• Reduce maintenance
charges and energy
costs from suppliers by
reducing total number
of active servers
through consolidation
40% to 70%
of updated
usage
22% to 54%
of original
usage
Original level
of energy
usage
charges and energy
costs from suppliers by
turning off unused
servers (“mystery
machines”)
New level of
energy usage
• Reduce greenhouse
gas emissions by
reducing energy
consumption directly
(fewer servers) and
indirectly (less cooling)
Typical data centre rationalisation
From
• Multiple legacy data centres
• Large number of servers with
low utilisation/server
• Inefficient legacy servers
without power management
• Machines still running after
services have been retired
To
• Small number of modern data centres
• Small number of servers with high
utilisation per server
• Highly efficient servers with active power
management.
• All “mystery machines” identified and
retired or re-used
Source: Team analysis; HP; IBM; Uptime Institute; Rocky Mountain Institute; AMD; US OMB (Congress); US EPA; LBNL; interviews
31
Future Issues
• How are you going to measure progress, account for
your Greening IT actions?
• Possible need for external auditing of “Greenness"
• Possible new Green accreditation for orgs and
business processes with need for trained "Green"
advisors/Champions.
• Enabling managers to provide suitably qualified
employees, capable of ensuring the "Greenness" of
Org’s products and services.
Conclusions
• Best practice evolving at a fast pace, need to invest
in keeping up to date
• Given energy price issues and ability to use IT as a
tool to effect gains elsewhere the business case can
now be made for Green IT.
• There are some things you can and should do now
And the Curriculum...
• BCS initiatives
– ISEB module
– SME awareness
– Branch forum/mash ups
• Evolving – need your feedback!
The whole lifecycle ?
Power
Production
Operating
IT device
Heat
Re-use
Disposal
The whole lifecycle ?
Equipment behaviours
Energy suppliers
Power
Power
Transport
Materials
NGOs
Charities
Silver surfers
Packaging
Production
Operating
IT device
Re-use
Recycle
Reclaim
Waste
Heat
RoHS
Reg
Air Conditioning
Equipment
cooling
Recycle
Disposal
WEEE
regs
Burn, landfill..
The whole lifecycle ?
Equipment behaviours
Energy suppliers
Power
Power
Transport
Materials
NGOs
Charities
Silver surfers
Packaging
Production
Operating
IT device
Re-use
Recycle
Reclaim
Recycle
WEEE
regs
Disposal
Waste
Burn, landfill..
Heat
RoHS
Reg
Air Conditioning
Equipment
cooling
The Greening Grid...
Activities/assets/products Vs Context
• Technologies
• Metrics
• Services
• Legal
• Carbon
• Economics
• Procurement
• Environment
• Operations
• Social/ethics
• Products and Services
• People
ICT Technologies
(personal, peripheral,
comms, server)
Metrics/
Information
ICT Services
Carbon
(deskside,
emissions
virtualisation)
Energy efficiencies, footprint Green Costing , Valuing
calcs, coeffs/conversion
end to end
emissions
factors
Regs/
Regs (EU CoC, WEEE)
Standards/
Standards (ISOs, BSIs)
Int Agreements
BSI PAS 2050
Off-setting
Procurement
Business
operations
Business
Products and
Services
Carbon/energy
accounting
Footprint
calcs, env
audits, EMI
Footprint calcs
Gov /OGC /EU,
Disposal WEEE etc
Standards:EPEAT,
ECMA
Targets
(Kyoto, EU,
UK Gov..),
Quality stds,
Reporting
Regs (EU CoC,
WEEE)
Standards
(ISOs, BSIs)
Carbon
neutrality?
Economics
TCO, lifecycle green costing Green Costing , Carbon market
end to end
mechanisms,
cap and trade
Valuing greener
purchases, move
from assets to
services?
Energy
accounting/
Carbon
accounting
Environment
Manufacture, in use, disposal How to deliver in Market valuing impacts, packaging,
green ways,
assessment of
transport,
env impacts?
property impacts
Lifecycle impacts,
valuing the
embedded,
replacement/upgrad
e/extension
Green
Visibility
buildings,
power supply,
water
Social/ethics
Org/personal boundaries
Scope of footprints,
Self-service,
Out-source/offservicing mobile shore carbon
and home
reductions
working
Developing country CSR,
impacts, off-shoring community
options
exchanges
assessments
People
How they use kit,
What they use kit to do
Meetings
Psychological impacts,
work/life balance
Choice of
Personal carbon
service delivery accounting
(push/pull?)
models
Deviceless
Clouds ...
Green washing
Behaviour
Corporate and
change value staff behaviours
greener ways influence
of working
customers and
equipping, 2nd Jo Public
life for training
Useful Web Sites
• Carbon Trust, www.carbontrust.co.uk
• Energy Star, www.energystar.gov
• Computing, www.Computing.co.uk/greencomputing
• Defra, www.defra.gov.uk
• Energy Saving Trust, www.energysavingtrust.org.uk
• NetRegs, www.netregs.gov.uk