Transcript Insert title here - British Computer Society

Nottingham and Derby Branch
Colin Pattinson - BCS Green SG
[email protected]
Date: 15 November 2010
Green, sustainable
or “the right thing to do”?
Agenda
• Why?
• The IT lifecycle
• The numbers
• Efficiency of IT
• Efficiency by IT
• Recycle, reuse, dispose
• The future
Why do it
• [In alphabetical order]
1. Compliance with legislation
– Carbon reduction commitment
– Compulsory carbon trading
2. Corporate social responsibility
- Consumer (and employee) pressure
– People and planet
3. Cost saving
- energy = money
- Energy saving = money saving
Carbon Reduction Commitment
• Cap and trade scheme, starting April 2010, covering some 20,000 large UK
orgs, responsible for 10% of UK emissions
• Includes those orgs with total energy consumption of 6,000Mw-h or more pa,
during 2008
• Excludes those already in ETR or CCA schemes
• Aim to change behaviours and infrastructure by incentivising reductions in
energy use
• Annual purchase of allowances to match emissions
• Performance League table based on measured reduction
• Rewards for improvements
See : http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/news/pn112/pn112.aspx
And link for Environment Agency who are administering the scheme
http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/111597.aspx
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Why do anything..?
– Climate Change => warming, disasters (fires and floods), loss of
biodiversity, less to go round more
– Population growth, 2000 to 2030 of 2.2billion, of which 2.0billion likely to
be located in cities (World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision)
– Rising consumption, 5 billion people consume 20% and 1 billion
consume 80% (Ericsson)
– Resource depletion, 2.5 planets for all to have US/EU living standards
=> rising energy, food and resource costs and the recession
=> “we have to do more with less” (Buckminster Fuller)
> energy
> resources
> emissions
Reality of Climate Change
© Crown copyright Met Office
Model projection
Observations
© Crown copyright Met Office
Some anecdotes
• The usage of the Thames Barrier has
increased from once every two years in the
1980s to an average of six times a year over
the past five years
• Ocean pH has risen by 30% since 1900
• The world currently burns some 1,000
barrels of oil a second (BBC)
An Inefficient truth – GAP (Dec 2007)
Some perspectives on IT...
Globally
– ICT Manufacture, use and disposal accounts for 2%+ of global CO2 emissions
- Equal to the aviation industry
– Man-made CO2 emissions add up to around 49 billion tonnes pa
- 1 billion + tonnes from ICT.
– Data storage capacity growing by ~ 40% annually
- This year, we passed the zettabyte mark for stored data
– Worldwide data centres + comms predicted to consume ~ 2000bn kW-h by 2020
• In UK
– 10 million office PCs, nearly 50% of adult population use PCs at work
- expected to grow to 70% by 2020
– IT consumes 15% of office power rising to 30% by 2020
- Expect 45% of Domestic Power to be used for home IT and CE products by 2020
- In total ICT power consumption already represents 10% of total UK energy
consumption
– or 4 Nuclear Power stations!
References : (Berkeley National Labs + Global Action Plan + IPCC + Energy Saving trust + Carbon Trust)
Some comparisons
• A computer left on 24/7 will cost about £37 a year,
whereas by switching off at night and weekends,
the charge can be reduced to about £10 a year and save an equivalent amount of energy to make
some 34,900 cups of coffee
• Lighting an office overnight uses enough energy to
heat water for 1,000 cups of tea
Carbon Trust
Order of magnitudes?
• A typical window left open overnight in winter will
waste enough energy to drive a small car for more
than 35 miles
• A PC monitor switched off overnight saves enough
energy to microwave six dinners
• Turning off all non essential equipment in an office
for one night will save enough energy to run a
small car for 100 miles
• Monitors account for almost two-thirds of a
computer's energy use
Www.Computing.co.uk/greencomputing
Printing
• The average British office worker prints 22 pages
every working day
–behavioural research suggests that 44% of this is
easily avoidable
• Over 21% of prints are disposed of before the end
of the day.
• Takes 10 pints of water to make A4 sheet from
virgin pulp
Servers
• A medium-sized server has roughly the same
annual carbon footprint as an SUV vehicle doing
15 miles per gallon.
• The power required for a rack of high density
server blades can be 10-15 times greater than a
traditional server.
–And we “need” to cool it with air con units
consuming perhaps half as much power again
An Inefficient truth – GAP (Dec 2007)
The IT system life cycle
• Environmental impacts during:
–manufacture
–use
–disposal
- Embedded carbon; hazchem content;
• Identifying choices which enhance sustainability
Managing the lifecycle
Consumption
-Power
-Consumables
-Support/repair
Power
Transport
Materials
Packaging
Production
Operating
IT device
Re-use
Disposal
Components Reclaim
Waste
RoHS
Reg
NGOs
Charities
Silver surfersRecycle
Heat
Air Conditioning
Equipment
cooling
WEEE
regs
Manufacture/distribution
• Sourcing of materials
– beware location/ transport costs
• Building products
– build to re-use/ re-cycle/ upgrade – a longer life
• Energy efficient processes
• Move from commodity to service revenue streams, can optimise use of
assets
• Marketing
– eco-labelling, green washing, credibility
• Delivering
– transport, packaging, installation
So what...?
• The manufacturing process for computers is very resource
intensive.
manufacture of one PC requires 1.7 tonnes of raw
materials and water, consumes over ten times the
computer’s weight in fossil fuels.
75% of PC fossil fuel consumption has already happened
before the computer is even switched on for the first time.
But others say...
GAP – Inefficient Truth
But : EC Lifecycle for desktop PC
Review of research by the European Commission
PC Processor 767 kg CO2e
Materials - 117
Manufacturing - 21
Distribution - 28
Use - 596
Disposal - 5
EC Lifecycle for Laptop
Laptop total 353 kg CO2e – 50% of PC
Materials - 71
Manufacturing - 9
Distribution - 10
Use - 258
Disposal -2
Procurement
• Don’t sweat the asset (compare footprints for
build/use/disposal of IT assets)
• Adopt latest and most stretching standards (EPEAT, Energy
star 5, Quick Wins..)
• Seek
– Consolidation of Functions
– Device consolidation
– Device sharing
– Services not assets => dematerialise!
– Longer refresh periods
• Make the case to invest for Green
EPEAT?
• Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)
• Standard rating (ANSI/IEEE) – Gold, Silver, Bronze
• Covers
– Toxic reductions
– Recycled content
– Energy efficiency (Energy Star rating)
– Durability
– Lifecycle extension
– End-of-life management
– Corporate responsibility
– Packaging
• Provides an environmental benefits calculator for quantifying benefits
• 615 products registered
• Procurements have saved enough power for 1.2million US homes
See www.epeat.net
Understanding the numbers
• Measurements and quoted “efficiency returns”
• Don’t accept the plated numbers
– See BCS Green IT SG fact sheet on measuring
• Not much independent data
– No single agreed measurement standards
• Many “carbon calculator” spreadsheets
– Check the assumptions
PUE and DCiE
• Measures of data centre efficiency
• Power Usage Effectiveness =
Total Facility power use
Power delivered to computing equipment
• Data Centre Infrastructure Efficiency =
Power delivered to computing equipment
Total Facility power use
• PUE values below 1.2 seen as “good”
• Many current PUE ~ 2.0
• Relative measures of performance
Green data centres – reality or
myth? The Facebook illustration
• 500m users
– “Although it will include some of the world's most energy-efficient computers,
the sheer scale … will almost certainly use more electricity than many
developing countries”
• New data centre being built in Portland
– Energy efficient systems
– Uses local climate to minimise a/c need
• But
Its chosen energy supplier uses coal for 67% of its generation;
< 12% from renewables
• However,
– “Earlier this year Greenpeace admitted that many of its own web hosting
operations are also housed in data centres powered primarily by coal and
nuclear power”
– See also http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/planet-2/report/2010/3/make-it-green-cloudcomputing.pdf (1MB pdf, in colour!)
Source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/sep/01/facebook-renewable-energy-coal
Efficient IT
• Quick wins
• Practical actions
Quick Wins..
• The UK Government aims to be amongst the EU leaders in sustainable
procurement.
• As part of this commitment Defra have, since 2003, developed and
published green government procurement specifications known as
“Quick Wins”.
• These Quick Wins specifications aim to set a pre-defined level of
environmental performance for a range of “high priority” products
purchased by central Government departments.
• Information Communication Technology (ICT) products fall into this
“high priority” classification as they account for a large amount of spend
and result in a range of environmental impacts which have the potential
to be reduced.
See : http://online.ogcbuyingsolutions.gov.uk
Putting its own house in order..
• UK public sector is largest spender on ICT – c £14b
• Challenge of Sustainability targets for UK Government
Estate and Operations (SOGE)
12.5% carbon reduction by 2011, and carbon neutrality by 2012
Highly critical Sus Dev Commission report in 2007 on depts progress
• Environmental Audit Committee
In review of Departmental SOGE returns for 2007, EAC stated
“the increased use of IT would appear to be the biggest single factor in the
upward trend in emissions from civil departments”
(http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmenvaud/529/529.pdf )
UK Departments’ response..
Appointed a lead CIO
=> Set up a cross-department Green Development Unit to form and take forward a UK
Government Green ICT strategy as part of the Government ICT Strategy
=> Get procurement right
– Procurement criteria – “IT Quick Wins” – part of Government Buying Standards
=> Focus on energy and operational efficiency measures
• Operational Efficiency Programme
• Public Value Programme
• Climate Change Plan
ICT enables Efficiency => Energy => Emission savings
• The full ICT strategy can be found at
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/cio/ict.aspx and at www.civilservice.gov.uk/it.
• A revised version of the Open source, Open standards, Reuse policy has also
been published and can be found at
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/318020/open_source.pdf
HMG Strategy :
List of Practical Actions
•
PCs & Laptops
– Remove active screensavers
– Switch monitors to standby
Shut down PCs after office hours
– Enable active power management on desktops
- (standby / hibernate after a defined period of inactivity)
• Ensure re-use of equipment that is no longer required but is still
serviceable
• Specify low-power consumption CPUs and high-efficiency Power
Supply Units (80% conversion or better)
• Apply Thin Client technology
HMG Strategy : List of Practical Actions
•
Other office ICT Equipment
– Apply timer switches to non-networked technology and
printers
– Set default green printing including duplex and grey
scale
• Optimise power-saving sleep mode on printers
• Printer consolidation
• Device consolidation
HMG Strategy : List of Practical Actions
• Data Centres
– Server Optimisation
- Storage virtualisation & capacity management
- Convert existing physical servers to “virtual servers”
- Turn off servers outside their service level agreement,
- Create “virtual servers” instead of procuring physical new servers.
- Implement a multi-tiered storage solution
• Reduce cooling in the data centre
• Remove unused capacity (servers and data disks)
• Specify power conversion-efficient Power Supply Units
• Ensure re-use of equipment
• Data centre audit
Enabling efficiency by IT
• Video conferencing
• document management
• remote working
• Building management systems
Why Print?
• Meetings
– laptop, OneNote, handling many windows
– projectors to share material, get better switching
• Document prep / Reading
– different presentation modes
– add notes, set up tasks on screen
• Team working
– Sharepoint sites
• Personal quotas?
Why so many face to face meetings...?
• Equipment
– Speakerphones, line connections which work
– Data points, WIFI
• Portable IP v/conferencing devices
– HSBC has installed desktop video conferencing units & reduced air
travel by 25%;
• Alternatives
– Webinars
– Teleconferences
– Sharepoint / Web discussion groups
Why still come to the office...?
• Common responses:
– “My manager expects me to be in the office”
– Meetings are organised without taking on board flexible working
patterns
– Do not trust home access services, Broadband, 3G etc
– Home space issues
• Benefits
– Save commuting time
– Save office space
• Change the culture, you now have the choice!
End of life equipment
• Reuse, recycle, disposal
Recycling and Disposal
• Re-use a source of
Raw and
processed
materials
Manufacture
Equipment
use
Upgrades
and
refills
Re-use
Component
separation
Schools,
charities
or sale
Cost saving
and revenue
generation
opportunities
Materials
separation
Revenue
generation
opportunity
Source: SCC; EU; Defra; Eric Williams et al (UN University, Tokyo); NAO; team analysis
Waste
disposal
(landfill)
significant cost savings
(up to 90% cheaper to
refurbish than to make
a new purchase)
• Disposal of working
equipment after refresh
exercise can generate
revenue
• Separate components
before crushing, can be
worth a lot e.g.
£1,800/tonne for RAM
• Waste disposal
suppliers should be
ISO 14001 accredited
to ensure compliance
with relevant legislation
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FRONTLINE/World Ghana: Digital Dumping Ground | PBS
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/ghana804/slideshow/slideshow.html
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FRONTLINE/World Ghana: Digital Dumping Ground | PBS
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/ghana804/slideshow/slideshow.html
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What to do….
• As an individual
– Switch it off
– Think before travelling
– Ask do I need to print?
• As an organisation
– Efficiencies=> less energy => less carbon
– Exploit ICT for carbon efficiency
– Encourage employee engagement
– Appoint 'green IT champions‘
– Manage assets and estates for energy efficiency
• This is for the longer term...
• Set policies for the future through the Green Lens ...
Some more web sites...
• Quick wins
• The Defra Sustainable Development website:
• http://www.sustainable-development.gov.uk/what/priority/consumption-production/quickWins/index/htm
• The OGC Buying Solutions website:
• http://online.ogcbuyingsolutions.gov.uk/bcm/sustainablesolutions/quickwins
• Gov strategy
• http://www.cio.gov.uk/greening_government_ict/index.asp
• General green stuff
• Carbon Trust, http://www.carbontrust.co.uk
• Energy Star, http://www.energystar.gov a sub-set of http://www.epeat.net/
• Computing, Www.Computing.co.uk/greencomputing
• Energy Saving Trust, www.energysavingtrust.org.uk
• NetRegs, www.netregs.gov.uk#
• Intellect, http://www.intellectuk.org/
• BCS Green IT Specialist Group
• http://www.bcs.org/
• http://bcs-green-it.wikispaces.com/
And what your BCS/CITP is doing...
• Green Specialist Group
– 950 members and growing
– Briefings
– NewsShoots
– Events
- EcoComputing Camp : 3 July
– Working groups
- Measurement
- Disposal
- Image compression
– Education
- Foundation Certificate
- A Green IT book just published
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And more...
Data Centre SG
– 2,000 members
– Leading players for Code of Conduct
– Data centre modelling tool
– Data Centre Foundation Certificate
• To join a Specialist Group check -
http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.5815
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Conclusions
• The future of green IT
• Green IT as a career path
– Answer the questions
– Make a difference
– Lead the debate
• Within the organisation
– Green IT specialist
• Consultancy