Transcript SOLAR ENERGY & ITS APPLICATIONS Prepared by, Patel Mitesh (090320106005) Patel Ankur(090320106008) Patel Maulik(090320106011) Shah Archesh(090320106016) Patel Keyur(090320106028)

SOLAR ENERGY
&
ITS APPLICATIONS
Prepared by,
Patel Mitesh (090320106005)
Patel Ankur(090320106008)
Patel Maulik(090320106011)
Shah Archesh(090320106016)
Patel Keyur(090320106028)
INTRODUCTION
•
Solar energy is in the form of the light and heat.
•
About 30% of total energy received by the earth is reflected back
towards the space. Remaining energy is absorbed by the clouds, oceans
and land masses.
•
The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast
that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from
all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and
mined uranium combined.
•
Solar energy is the primary energy source among all of the renewable
source like wave energy, hydro-electricity, wind energy, biomass etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy

•

Active solar energy
Itinclude the use of photovoltaic
panels and solar thermal collectors
to harness the energy.
•
Passive solar energy
It include orienting a building to the
Sun, selecting materials with
favorable thermal mass or light
dispersing properties, and designing
spaces that naturally circulate air.
SOLAR THERMAL
SOLAR WATER HEATER
•
Solar water heater uses solar collector
panel to transfer the heat energy of
sun light to the water.
•
The unit uses convection (movement
of hot water upward) to move the
water from collector to tank. Neither
pumps nor electricity are used to
enforce circulation.
•
Material uses into the fabrication of
tank is insulator for heat so heat of the
hot water can not transfer to the
surrounding enviornment and hence
water can be keep hot for long time.
SOLAR WATER DISINFECTION
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SODIS is a free and effective method
for decentralized water treatment,
usually applied at the household level
and is recommended by the World
Health Organization (WHO) as a viable
method for it.
•
Solar water disinfection, also known as
SODIS is a method of disinfecting water
using only sunlight and plastic PET
(PolyEthylene Terephthalate) bottles.
UV-A rays from the sun destroys cell
structures of bacteria.
UV-A reacts with oxygen dissolved in
the water and produces highly reactive
forms of oxygen that are believed to
also damage pathogens.
•
•
SOLAR COOKER
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Principle : Sunlight is converted to heat energy that is use for
cooking purpose. This is done as follows:
─
─
─
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Concentrating sunlight.
Converting light to heat.
Trapping heat
Plastic Sheet
1. Box cooker
2. Panel cooker
3. Parabolic dish
SOLAR POWER
PHOTOVOLTAIC
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Principle : Some materials release
electrons when hit with rays of light,
which produces an electrical current.
•
This effect was discovered by
Alexander-Edmond Becquerel. The first
solar cell was constructed by Charles
Fritts in the 1880.
•
There are at least fourteen types of
photovoltaic cells, such as thin film,
mono crystalline silicon, polycrystalline
silicon, and amorphous cells, as well as
multiple types of concentrating solar
power.
•
Efficiency is about 4.5% - 6% for silicon
type of photovoltaic cells.
Fig : Unit solar cell
Fig : 11 MW Serpa solar
power plant in Portugal
CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS
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Concentrated solar power systems are divided into :



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concentrated solar thermal (CST)
concentrated photovoltaic (CPV)
concentrating photovoltaic and thermal (CPT)
Principle : Concentrate the sunlight at particular point to convert that energy
into another form of energy.
CONCENTRATED SOLAR THERMAL (CST)
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Concentrated solar thermal (CST) is
used to produce renewable heat.
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CST systems use parabolic lenses or
mirrors and tracking systems to focus a
large area of sunlight onto a small area.
•
Each concentration method is capable
of producing high temperatures and
correspondingly high thermodynamic
efficiencies
•
They vary in the way that they track
the Sun and focus light.
•
Solar thermal is more efficient method
to produce heat.
CONCENTRATED SOLAR THERMAL (CST)
Fig : Using Flat mirror reflector. (Courtesy of www.visualdictionaryonline.com)
CONCENTRATED SOLAR THERMAL (CST)
Fig : Using parabolic reflector. (Courtesy of www.visualdictionaryonline.com)
CONCENTRATED SOLAR THERMAL (CST)
Fig : Combination of previous both method (Courtesy of www.visualdictionaryonline.com)
CONCENTRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC (CPV)
•
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Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems employ sunlight concentrated onto photovoltaic
surfaces for the purpose of electrical power production.
Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems classified as follows:

Low concentration CPV (concentration of 2-100 suns)

Medium concentration CPV (concentration of 100-300 suns)

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High concentration (concentration of 300 or more suns)
Concentration method using solar collector is cheaper then solar cell as solar cell is costlier than
solar collector.
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Electricity cost for solar collector is about $3/watt.
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Electricity cost for solar cell is about $3-5/watt.
SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT
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Principle : It uses the principle of
solar energy & wind energy both. It
also use the principle of green
house effect.
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It has a high chimney. (Height
arround 1000 mtr.)
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This is surrounded by a large
collector roof made from glass or
resistive plastic supported on a
framework.(Diameter in order of
130 mtr.)
•
In the center of the chimney there
is a wind turbine, which generate
electricity using wind velocity which
is due to the solar Energy
VENT CHIMNEY
GREEN HOUSE & AGRICULTURE
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Agriculture
seek
to
optimize the capture of
solar energy in order to
optimize the productivity
of plants.
Greenhouses convert solar
light to heat, enabling
year-round production and
the growth (in enclosed
environments) of specialty
crops and other plants not
naturally suited to the local
climate.
Fig : courtesy of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
REFERENCES
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www.daviddarling.info/images/solar_chimney_po
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http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg
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www.sxlist.com/techref/other/solar/chimpower.htm
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http://www.solarcookers.org/basics/how.html
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki