Transcript Theories and principles associated with motivation What is motivation? •What choices do people make about their behavior? •How long does it take to get.

Theories and principles
associated with motivation
What is motivation?
•What choices do people make about their
behavior?
•How long does it take to get started on a task?
•What is the intensity or level of involvement?
•What causes a person to persist or to give up?
•What is the individual thinking and feeling
during the activity?
General ideas: intrinsic vs.
extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic: Natural tendency to seek out and
conquer challenges, stems from interest or
curiosity, the activity itself is rewarding
Extrinsic: Engagement occurs in order to
earn a reward or avoid punishment, not
really interested in the activity for its own
sake
Theoretical approaches to
motivation…
Self-determination theory:
Humans have basic needs including the need
to:
(1) feel in control of their lives (autonomy);
(2) be effective in dealing with the environment
(competence) and;
(3) have relationships with others (relatedness)
With your neighbor, distill three pedagogical principles that make sense in light of self-determination theory.
Theoretical approaches to
motivation…
Self-worth theory:
• We must protect our sense of competence,
or, our self-worth
• This drives us to try to be successful
• May cause us to avoid certain activities
where we might not be successful - this is
called self-handicapping
Describe a time when you or someone you knew was unwilling to attempt a new activity. How would a self-worth theorist describe this behavior?
Theoretical approaches to
motivation…
Expectancy value theory:
Motivation is a function of two values Expectancy, or the belief that one will succeed
at a task or activity
and…
Value, or the belief that there will be some
reward or indirect benefit from participating
in the task or activity
Think carefully about your content area… what kinds of activities or ideas would your pursue that have a high value to students? How then, would you increase
expectancy?
Theoretical approaches to
motivation…
Social cognitive theory:
Self-efficacy is the key here… believing oneself
capable of successfully performing certain
tasks or activities
Persistence comes from increased self-efficacy
Increased self-efficacy can come from
encouraging words and past successes
Turn to your neighbor and describe two activities - one in which you have a high level of self-efficacy and another in which you have a low level of self-efficacy. Now
imagine what a teacher could do to engage you in tasks associated with the low self-efficacy activity. How is this just like school for many kids?
Theoretical approaches to
motivation…
Attribution theory:
Explore learners’ beliefs about why they do well
or poorly on academic tasks. These beliefs
are known as attributions.
Attributions can be associated with external
factors (luck, whim, destiny…) or internal
factors (hard work, character…)
From this we get internal vs. external locus of
control
What advice would you give to a student of yours who scored well on a test but really seemed to believe it must be about luck more than about effort?
Theoretical approaches to
motivation…
Goal theory:
People pursue goals in several areas that may
include academics, social relationships,
career, financial gain, physical and
psychological well-being.
In school settings, goal theorists distinguish
between mastery goals (to gain new
knowledge and skills) and performance goals
(to look competent in the eyes of others)
Tell a story about a student you knew or know who is all about performance goals. How can you help students adopt mastery goals?