Transcript Slide 1 Phonetics Review / Ch 1 Step 1: Memorize IPA - practice quiz today - real quiz on Tuesday (over consonants)! Phonology is.

Slide 1
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Step 1: Memorize IPA - practice quiz today - real quiz on
Tuesday (over consonants)!
Phonology is about looking for patterns and arguing your
assessment of those patterns (be clear, orderly and logical)
Course calendar may change depending on you
HW1 due Tues 1/17 – practice for Quiz
Quiz 1 is on Tues 1/17; Quiz 2 on Thurs 1/19
About me, you and this course.
Webpage: web.pdx.edu/~connjc
Slide 2
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
International Phonetic Alphabet
 Sound - symbol correspondence
Transcription
Download IPA font – see class website
Go to Peter Ladefoged’s website:
http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Slide 3
Phonetics Review
Transcription
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Break away from spelling
IPA is one to one sound-symbol correspondence
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
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Phonetics Review
Transcription
Broad transcription
Narrow transcription (uses diacritics)
English hen:
Broad
[hEn]
[hE)n]
Narrow
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Slide 5
Phonetics Review
Anatomy
Oro-nasal process
Phonation process
Articulatory process
The glottis = the space
between the vocal folds
voiced, voiceless, whisper,
murmur (breathy)
Link for vocal fold video 1 2
Airstream process
Slide 6
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
Anatomy
Slide 7
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
Consonant articulation (Places of articulation)
palate (palatal)
velum (velar)
uvula (uvular)
alveolar ridge
lips (labial)
teeth (dental)
places and manner of articulation video
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Slide 8
Phonetics Review
Parts of the tongue
Consonant articulation
blade
center
back
tip front
root
epiglottis
(not tongue)
places and manner of articulation video
Slide 9
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
Consonants
Manner of articulation
Stops - complete obstruction
Fricatives - hissing
Affricates - stop + fric
Liquids - [l] and [r ] or 


Glides - not vowel or cons - [j] and [w]
Liquids and glides also grouped together and called approximants
say: typical = stops; sufficient = fricatives – vary in place of articulation
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Slide 10
Labial
Phonetics Review
Places of articulation (for English)
Dental
Alveolar
Palatal
Lips
Teeth
Bilabial
Labiodental
Interdental
Ridge
Behind top
Teeth
Roof of
Mouth
Palato-alveolar
Post-alveolar
also Glottal
Velar
Soft
Palate
Slide 11
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
Consonants
Order of 3-part descriptive terms:
Voicing -- Place o’ Articulation -- Manner o’ Articulation
so [d] is a voiced alveolar stop
Slide 12
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
English Consonants: Order of 3-part descriptive terms:
Voicing -- Place o’ Articulation -- Manner o’ Articulation
Slide 13
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
English Consonants (voiceless sounds on the left)
sonorants
obstruents
Slide 14
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Slide 15
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
11 Places
1.
Bilabial – stops, nasals and fricatives
2.
Labiodental - stops, nasals, frics, (and affricates [ pf ] )
Slide 16
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
11 Places
CORONAL sounds - stops, frics, (affricates), nasals
3.
Dental
Slide 17
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
11 Places
CORONAL sounds - stops, frics, nasals
4.
Alveolars
Apical = tip of tongue used
Laminal = blade of tongue used
Slide 18
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
11 Places
CORONAL sounds - stops, frics, nasals
5.
Retroflex - tongue tip pointed up, articulation with underside of tongue
(not manner because place is both where and what with tongue)
Slide 19
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
11 Places
CORONAL sounds - frics, (affricates),
6.
Palato-alveolar - front of tongue domed, tongue tip near alveolar/postalveolar region (not underside)
Alveolo-palatals (like palatal + palatoalveolar) - further back than palatoalveolar, but still tongue tip under
alveolar ridge (Chinese and Polish)
Slide 20
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
11 Places
CORONAL sounds - stops, frics, (affricates), nasals
7.
Palatal - made with front of tongue and tongue tip down (behind bottom
teeth)
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
11 Places
DORSAL sounds - stops, frics, (affricates), nasals
8.
Velar
Labial velars
Slide 22
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
11 Places
DORSAL sounds - stops, frics, (affricates), nasals
9.
Uvular – French ‘r’
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Slide 23
Phonetics Review
11 Places
DORSAL sounds - stops, frics – See Agul
10.
Pharyngeal
11.
Epiglottal

Slide 24
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
Nasals, stops and fricatives (From Ladefoged & Johnson, 2011)
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
MANNERS of Articulation
Trills - articulator set in motion by the current of air
Taps - up and down movement of top of tip of tongue
Flaps - front and back movement of underside of tongue
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
Laterals - approximants, fricatives
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Slide 30
Phonetics Review
Vowels (English)
Different from consonants
A lot more variation (different dialects)
Vowels are in a continuous space and gradient
Described by tongue height and backness
Also by rounding and tense/lax (sometimes not used)
Vowels are a 5 part descriptive terms:
Height -- Back/Front -- Tense/lax -- Un/Rounded -- Vowel
[i] = high front tense unrounded vowel
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Slide 32
Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Vowels - vowel space broken down even more than in English
= high
= upper mid
= lower mid
= low
Tense/lax or upper/lower height
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Slide 33
Phonetics Review
Vowel Chart Modified
= =high
high
= upper mid
= lower mid
= low
= low
Q
a
Slide 34
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
How do vowels and consonants relate to each other in terms of place of
articulation?
Slide 35
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
How do vowels and consonants relate to each other in terms of place of
articulation?
Q
a
Slide 36
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Phonetics Review
Slide 38
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Speech Production
 Coarticulation - more than one articulator is active - please
 Articulatory processes - adjustments made during normal speech (not
laziness, but often for ease of articulation)
 Assimilation
 Dissimilation
 Deletion
 Epenthesis
 Metathesis
 Vowel Reduction
Slide 39
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Articulatory Processes - Assimilation
 Assimilation - when the features or characteristics of one sound
spread to another sound
 Regressive assimilation - if two sounds are together in sequence
XY, then some characteristic of Y spreads to X (backwards).
Vowel nasalization before a nasal consonant - bed vs. Ben
 Progressive assimilation - if two sounds are together in sequence
XY, then some characteristic of X spreads to Y (forward).
Voiceless liquids and glides - bride vs. pride
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Articulatory Processes - Assimilation
 Voicing assimilation - a sound takes on the same voicing as a
nearby sound
 voicing - voiceless sound becomes voiced
 devoicing - voiced sound becomes voiceless
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Articulatory Processes - Assimilation
 Assimilation of place of articulation - a sound takes on the same
place of articulation as a nearby sound
 Palatalization - making the place of articulation more palatal
Also term used for changing alveolar sound to post-alveolar
Homorganic nasal assimilation - a nasal consonant changes
depending on the place of articulation of the following consonant
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Articulatory Processes - Assimilation
 Assimilation of manner of articulation - a sound takes on the
same manner of articulation as a nearby sound
 Nasalization - making vowel nasalized
 Flapping - between two vowels, an alveolar stop becomes a flap
(where first syllable is stressed and second is not) (Flaps are
considered continuant so more vowel like)
Slide 43
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Articulatory Processes - Dissimilation
 Two sounds become less alike
 Rare process
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Articulatory Processes - Deletion
 Process that removes a segment from certain phonetic contexts
Slide 45
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Articulatory Processes - Epenthesis
 Process that inserts a segment in certain phonetic contexts
Slide 46
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Articulatory Processes - Metathesis
 Reordering of the sequence of segments
Slide 47
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Articulatory Processes - Vowel Reduction
 In unstressed syllables, vowels become more central
 Common reduced vowels in English:
high central
unrounded vowel
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Phonetics Review / Ch 1
Articulatory processes - Review
adjustments made during normal speech (not laziness, but for ease of articulation)
 Assimilation - regressive or progressive
Of voicing - voicing or devoicing
Place of articulation - palatalization, homorganic nasal assimilation
Manner of articulation - nasalization, flapping
 Dissimilation - orange juice
 Deletion - fifs, husban
 Epenthesis - warmpth
 Metathesis - aks, pisghetti
 Vowel Reduction - Ohio or Ohia? Missouri
Examples of stressed, unstressed and reduced vowels
Slide 49
Phonetics Review / Ch 1
fo nEkst taIm:
•Read chapter 1 and refresh your IPA
•IPA Quiz 1 on consonants on Tues Jan 17! – Will be given the
symbol and you need to match the descriptive terms
•IPA Quiz 2 on vowels on Thurs Jan 19! – same type of thing as
quiz 1
•We will finish Phonetics Review and start Ch 2 on Thursday
•HW = Phonetics IPA practice worksheet handed out on today and
due Tues to help study for the quiz