Transcript DARPA MTO MEMS SMART DUST K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser (UCB) S. Morris (MLB) SMART DUST Goals • Autonomous sensor node (mote) in 1 mm3 • MAV delivery • Thousands.

DARPA
MTO
MEMS
SMART DUST
K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser
(UCB)
S. Morris
(MLB)
SMART DUST
Goals
• Autonomous sensor node (mote) in 1 mm3
• MAV delivery
• Thousands of motes
• Many interrogators
• Demonstrate useful/complex integration in
1 mm3
SMART DUST
COTS Dust
GOALS:
• Create a network of sensors
• Explore system design issues
• Provide a platform to test Dust components
• Use off the shelf components
SMART DUST
COTS Dust - RF Motes
• Atmel Microprocessor
• RF Monolithics transceiver
• 916MHz, ~20m range, 4800 bps
• 1 week fully active, 2 yr @1%
N
W
E
S
2 Axis Magnetic
Sensor
2 Axis Accelerometer
Light Intensity
Sensor
Humidity Sensor
Pressure Sensor
Temperature Sensor
SMART DUST
COTS Dust - Network Simulation
Cheap platforms --> Lots of nodes -->
Network challenges!
SMART DUST
COTS Dust - Optical Motes
Laser mote
• 650nm laser pointer
• 2 day life full duty
CCR mote
• 4 corner cubes
• 40% hemisphere
SMART DUST
CCR Interogator
Top View of the Interrogator
Filter
CCD Camera
Polarizing
Beamsplitter
Quarter-wave
Plate
Lens
0.25% reflectance
on each surface
Frequency-Doubled
YAG Green Laser
Beam
Expander
45o mirror
SMART DUST
Video Semaphore Decoding
Diverged beam @ 300m
Shadow or full sunlight
Diverged beam @ 5.2 km
In shadow in evening sun
SMART DUST
1 Mbps CMOS imaging receiver
10mW, 1mrad
Optical
Filter Collection
Lens
64x64
CMOS
Imager
10cm
5mm
200m
Photosensor
CRC Check
SIPO Shift
Local Bus Driver
Register
2 km
Field of View
of Single Pixel
Signal Processing
A/D Conversion
Off Chip
Bus Driver
Pixel Array
SMART DUST
Optical Communication (vs. RF)
• Pro:
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low power
small aperture
spatial division multiplexing
high data rates
LPI/LPD
baseband coding
• Con:
• line of sight
• atmospheric turbulence
SMART DUST
Turbulent Channel
Physical Origin of Beam Scintillation
Maximum-Likelihood
Sequence Detection Algorithm
1
4
2
1
3
2
Eddies
1
3
2
1 3
2
1
3
2
2
Communication through Turbulent Atmosphere
3
1
1 3
2
v
1
3
2
1
3
3
1
Laser
To Signal
Detection
Receiver
1
22
33
1 3
2
1
1
3
2
1
1
23
4
1
2
3
0
1
0
Eddies
SMART DUST
1
Micro Mote - First Attempt
SMART DUST
2D beam scanning
AR coated dome
lens
Steering Mirror
laser
CMOS ASIC
SMART DUST
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•
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Open loop control
Insensitive to disturbance
Potentially low power
Normalized beam position
6-bit DAC Driving Scanning Mirror
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
10
20
30
Time (seconds)
40
SMART DUST
Power and Energy
• Sources
• Solar cells
• Thermopiles
• Storage
• Batteries ~1 J/mm3
• Capacitors ~1 mJ/mm3
• Usage
• Digital control: nW
• Analog circuitry: nJ/sample
• Communication: nJ/bit
SMART DUST
Dust Delivery
• Floaters
• Autorotators
• solar cells
• Rockets
• thermopiles
MOTE
• MAVs
SMART DUST
MAV Delivery
Built by MLB Co.
• 60 mph
• 18 min
• 1 mi comm
SMART DUST
Applications
• DoD
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Battlefield sensor networks
Sensor mine-fields, burrs and fleas
Traffic mapping
Captured terrain surveillance
Bunker mapping
...
• Civilian
• High speed/low power IRDA
• Interactive virtual ballet
• ...
SMART DUST