Transcript DATA SOURCES FOR MEASURING FORCED DISPLACEMENT WITH A FOCUS ON ADMINISTRATIVE SOURCES Khassoum DIALLO Snr Statistician UNHCR Regional workshop on strengthening national capacities to improve migration data, Bishkek.

DATA SOURCES FOR
MEASURING FORCED
DISPLACEMENT
WITH A FOCUS ON ADMINISTRATIVE
SOURCES
Khassoum DIALLO
Snr Statistician
UNHCR
Regional workshop on strengthening national capacities to improve migration data, Bishkek – 15-17/02 2010
OUTLINE
CONTEXT: MIGRATION ASYLUM NEXUS
REFUGEES: A COMPONENT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
UNHCR MANDATE ON REPORTING REFUGEES, ASYLUMSEEKERS AND STATELESS PERSONS
SCOPE OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT
DATA SOURCES FOR MEASURING FORCED DISPLACEMENT
FOCUS ON ADMINSTRATIVE SOURCES
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
CONTEXT
Migration-asylum nexus: UNHCR 10-point plan
Cluster approach: Need for better data
Results-Based Management
Performance monitoring and accountability:
UNHCR, Governments and Donors.
Advocacy for evidence based decision making.
UNHCR’s protection mandate: Basis
for statistical reporting
Refugees
– 1950 Statute of the Office of the UNHCR
– 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
– 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees
States parties shall provide UNHCR with statistical information on the number and
conditions of refugees in their countries …. The UNHCR shall collect data on refugees
and report.
Stateless persons (refugees & non-refugees)
– 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless persons
– 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
– ExCom conclusions
Collection and reporting of information on Statelessness.
Internally displaced (IDPs)
– Request from Security Council/Secretary-General
– UN reform on IDP issues: Interagency Cluster approach
Primary responsibility of collecting information on IDPs lies with Cluster leads. UNHCR is
cluster lead for Protection, Camp Coordination and Management and Emergency
Shelter.
ARE REFUGEES
INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS?
YES
– They crossed international border
– Citizen from another country / change of usual place of
residence
– Duration of stay can be decades in protracted situations
– Population accounting perspective
– UN Recommendations
What is specific to refugees vs other migrants
– Legal perspective (1951 convention, non-refoulement,
rights of refugees) international human rights etc.
– Different treatment by asylum states
– Data protection and confidentiality
SCOPE OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT
GENERAL MIGRATION ~
200 million in 2008
REFUGEE AND ASYLUM
SEEKERS ~ 16 million Jan
2009 (8%)
Country/territory of asylum
Total refugees
10,478,621
Asylum-seekers
(pending cases)
827,323
Returned
refugees5
603,943
persons8
3,953
171
-
2,061
41
2,078
996
19
1,544
Kazakhstan
4,352
126
7,602
Kyrgyzstan
375
765
19,943
Rep. of Moldova
148
33
1,807
Russian Federation
3,479
1,800
50,000
Tajikistan
1,799
46
249
79
-
8,500
821
-
-
Uzbekistan
Belarus
609
54
7,818
Ukraine
7,201
1,307
56,350
25,873
4,362
155,891
Total
Total IDPs
protected/ assisted
by UNHCR
Returned IDPs7 Stateless persons8
14,405,405
Stateless
Azerbaijan
Turkmenistan
Total population of concern in
the region: 1,3 million
Total
refugees
Armenia11
Georgia
IDPs (26 million) : 980,000 in
the region
Asylumseekers
(pending
cases)
1,361,436
6,572,167
Various
9
166,856
Total population of
concern
34,415,751
Sources of forced migration data
Administrative sources
– Administrative data are routinely collected information as a by-product of the
regular functions of an agency or institution but not necessarily for statistical
purposes. In the process of its work an organization may record and register
information related to its laws and procedures.
– Examples: population registers, work permit records, border control data.
Surveys
– Household surveys (labour force surveys, LSMS, MICS)
– Establishment surveys
– Special migrant surveys - UK passenger survey
Censuses (population stocks)
– Migration stocks
– Refugee stocks
– Stateless persons
Major admin sources for migration and
asylum data in the region
Border statistics (data systems and migration
cards)
Population registers (e.g. Moldova)
Foreigners‘ register (e.g. Russia)
Permits statistics (work, residence, stateless)
Registration of forced migration (Government or
UNHCR registration records) e.g. KAZ, MDA, TKM
Naturalization statistics
METHODS & DATA SOURCES
Main sources of data, 2006-08
Various, 12%
NGOs, 4%
Government
only, 29%
Basis for UNHCR data, 2006-08
Gvt and
UNHCR, 25%
UNHCR only,
31%
Registration &
Estimation,
18%
Surveys/
Various, 8%
Estimation
only, 21%
Registration
only, 53%
METHODS & DATA SOURCES IN CIS
COUNTRIES
Refugee
Country or territory
Type
Provider
Basis
of
procedure3
Armenia
G/U
R/S
G
Azerbaijan
G/U
R
G/U
Belarus
G/V
R
G/U
Georgia
G
R
G
Kazakhstan
G/U/N
R/E/S
U
Kyrgyzstan
G/U/V
R
G/U
G
R
G
Russian Federation
G/U
R
G
Tajikistan
G/U
R
G/U
U
R
U
G/N
R/E
G/U
of asylum
Rep. of Moldova
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
data
1
2
Uzbekistan
U
R
1
Provider: G = Government, U = UNHCR, N = NGO, V = Various/other/unknown.
2
Basis: R = Registration/census, E = Estimate, S = Survey, C=Census, V = Various/other
3
Type of refugee status determination procedure: G = Government, U = UNHCR.
-
Evaluation criteria for the data
Accuracy, reliability and validity
Coverage – partial or comprehensive – officially
recorded only. regular and irregular migration
Timeliness and frequency
Consistency:
– whether definitions, coverage change over time.
Relevance and usefulness
Comparability – across countries & over time;
international standards
Access and transparency
Key challenges
Scope and Definitions
–
–
–
–
Asylum migration nexus, national vs international
Terminology: Who is a refugee, a stateless person, an IDP?
Time, location, distance, causes
Main purpose not for statistics
Data sources and triangulation processes
–
–
–
–
–
Coverage: Key information are missing
Register updating/deregistration
Sources for triangulation
Data collection methodologies and tools
Lack of coordination between different national agencies collecting data
Data quality
–
–
–
–
Timeliness in rapidly changing situations
Updating, processing and dissemination processes not adequate
Comparability, scope
Compliance with recommendations (UN, UNECE, UNHCR)
Human resources
–
–
–
–
Skills and training: Data are collected routinely but not processed
Translation of findings: Poor interaction between the users and producers of data
Data confidentiality – security related
Uses of data for informed decision making
Admin sources: Pros
Purpose of migration
Flows
Routinely collected by potential users
Great potential for statistical analysis
Great potential for data sharing
Great support for evidence based policy
development and decision making
Good practices: Country and
regional networks
European / Asian programme on forced
displacement and migration
– Country level network of data producers and
users
– Regional network
– Data exchange platform (core indicators,
website, focal point system etc.).
UNECE Data exchange exercise CIS 2007
UNHCR AS A PARTNER
COMPILATION/COLLECTION OF DATA
ON PERSONS OF CONCERN (Over 130
countries)
SUPPORT IN DATA COLLECTION
REPORTING/DATA DISSEMINATION
(Online database, Statistical Yearbook etc.)
Contact: [email protected]