Transcript Central Plan Outlay in Crore Rs 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005- 06 2006-07 Elementary Education Health Family Welfare Women & Child Development Water & Sanitation Flagships Programmes of Government of India • • • • • • • • Sarva Siksha Abhiyan – (10,041 + 8746 transferred.

Central Plan
Outlay in Crore
Rs
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005- 06
2006-07
Elementary
Education
2852
3150
3732
4302
4900
7943
12536
17133
Health
1062
1250
1393
1480
1651
2211
2719
3237
Family Welfare
3120
3200
3506
4174
4955
5300
6424
8052
Women & Child
Development
1250
1350
1642
2085
2600
2448
3931
4853
2250
2750
3284
4761
6002
Water &
Sanitation
Flagships Programmes of
Government of India
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Sarva Siksha Abhiyan – (10,041 + 8746
transferred from education cess = 18787 )
Mid-day Meal Scheme
Rajiv Gandhi Drinking Water Mission
Total Sanitation Campaign
National Rural Health Mission
Integrated Child Development Services
National Rural Employment Gurantee Scheme
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission
Total allocation in 2005-06 was 34927 crores – Total
allocation in 2006-07 is 50,015, an increase of 43.2 %
State-wise Literacy Rates in Percentages
70
60
50
India
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
40
30
20
10
0
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
Decline in Infant Mortality Rate in
Disadvantaged States
90
82
72
60 58
57
60
40
77
67
70
50
76
75
80
83
79
52
46
42
36
53
49
40
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IMR 2004
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IMR 2003
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West Bengal: Progress Profile for Total Sanitation
Campaign
No. of IHHLs/HHs
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
TSC achievem ents
Physical Progress - all
HHs with IHHLs
Physical Progress - All
BHP HHs with IHHLs
Water and Sanitation in
Schools
80%
70%
60%
51%
40%
44%
20%
8%
0%
1993-94 Education Survey
Water Supply
2003-04 TSC Baseline
Sanitation
Newborn Admission and Deaths - Newborn Care Unit
Purulia District Hospital
250
0.5
0.47
0.45
209
192
0.4
0.35
No. of deaths
160
0.31
150
0.3
0.27
0.26
0.25
100
0.2
65
51
49
0.15
43
50
Percentage of death
200
0.1
24
0.05
0
0
Sep-03
No. of admission
Oct-Mar 04
No. of deaths
Apr-Sep 04
Death rate
Oct-Feb 05*
Trend line of death rate
A 10-bed sick newborn unit in a district hospital, air conditioned, with oxygen supply, nursing station
and other cost effective and efficient equipment such as an infusion pump, blood gas analyzer, radiant
warmer, phototherapy unit, etc. Six Stabilization Units - 4 functional - Partnership – State Govt.,
District administration, Panchayat, District Health & FW sector, NGO, UNICEF
ADVOCACY, PLANNING, RESTRUCTURING, STAFFING, SUPPLIES, TRAINING,
innovating (Newborn aides) – Mortality reduced by half.
Changes in Malnutrition levels in
Bihar : through Nutrition interventions
•8% decline in the prevalence of
underweight among children under three,
•20% increase in the use of colostrum
feeding within one hour of birth,
•20% decline in the episodes of diarrhea
in under-3, and
•30% increase in the consumption of
adequately iodized salt
2003
Location of poliovirus, India
2003 - 2006
225 cases in
87 districts
2005
66 cases in
35 districts
* data as on 8th May, 2006
2004
134 cases in
43 districts
2006*
26 cases in
14 districts
Constraints
Broad Issues:
• Management and systemic bottlenecks particularly in
disadvantaged states
• Low levels of community involvement in management of
services
• Predominance of vertical, issue-specific approaches
• Staffing: Frequent transfers, vacant posts particularly in
remote locations, poor performance of service-providers
(i.e. attendance rates of teachers)
• Weak monitoring systems and limited use of evidence at
local levels
• Political considerations have influenced programmatic
decisions
Constraints
Specific to UNICEF:
• Predominance of sectoral programmes with limited
focus on intersectoral collaboration
• Limited emphasis on integrated behaviour change
communication
• Overlap in responsibility between national and state
level officers
• Limited capacity in certain states (Chattisgarh,
Jharkhand and Assam)
• Lack of flexibility in certain procedures
• Programme/project perspective with a need to realign
staff to becoming more involved in policy, systems and
governance related issues
IMR in 2004
MP
Orissa
UP
Rajasthan
Assam
Haryana
Bihar
Chhatisgarh
Andhra Pradesh
Gujarat
Karnataka
Jharkhand
J&K
Punjab
Tamil Nadu
West Bengal
Maharashtra
Kerala
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Assam
Uttar Pradesh
Orissa
Punjab
Bihar
Madhya Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Rajasthan
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Himacha lPradesh
Haryana
West Bengal
Gujarat
All-India
Economic Growth in Major Indian States
9
8
7
6
1980-1990
1990-2004
5
4
3
Full Immunisation under Universal
Immunisation programme (per cent)
1998-99
2002-03
Uttar Pradesh
43.7
29.8
Andhra
Pradesh
Assam
74.5
61.6
46.7
27.6
Haryana
66
57.9
Madhya
Pradesh
48.4
34
(MTA X Plan)
percentage of the total
Share in rural poverty
25
20
1973-74
1999-00
15
10
5
0
UP
Bihar
WB
MP
Mahara
shtra
AP
TN
1973-74
17.22
12.88
9.87
8.85
8.07
6.82
6.61
5.44
3.25
4.91
4.26
3.88
3.62
1.17
1.15
1999-00
21.32
19.48
9.32
11.25
6.47
3.01
4.17
7.44
4.77
3.1
1.09
2.85
2.06
0.53
0.62
Orissa Assam
Karnata
Rajasth
Haryan
Kerala
Gujarat Punjab
ka
an
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Services Available in Rural UP
Services Available in
the Dwelling Unit
Electricity
Poorest 20% Wealthiest 20%
4%
28%
25%
66%
59%
61%
6%
83%
Pre-school centre
38%
60%
Government Fair price
shop (for cheap
grains)
43%
57%
Drinking water
Services Available in
the village
Primary school
Middle school
Per capita Plan expenditure in Five Year Plans
100
90
80
Percentage of U.P. to All
States
70
60
50
I
III
IV
VI
Plan Period
VIII
X
Deterioration in governance
• Increasing politicization of administration, eroding the
stability of tenure and undercutting managerial
authority
• Administrative fragmentation leading to a
proliferation of senior positions
• Little concern for correct reporting and outcome
monitoring
• Building networks with patrons and politicians
• System is committed to service provider, but not to
service provision
Honesty, impartiality, and commitment to public
welfare are no longer being demanded
Why are we not changing the
system?
•Those who can change actually benefit from
chaos & leakages
•They are indifferent, as they do not lose due
to bad delivery
•Effecting change is beyond them (short
tenure, risk, lack of consensus)
Laying down a road map and sequencing of
reforms is as important as the reform itself
UNICEF’s role in knowledge
management
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Recruitment procedure for teachers and medical staff
Promotion of para teachers to regular teachers
Transparency in postings, esp to remote areas
Avoiding delays in salary disbursement
Teachers’ involvement in MDM
Decentralisation of SNP supplies in ICDS
Partnership with NGOs; how are NGOs selected?
Effective utilisation of IEC funds in sanitation
Develop indicators for judging quality
Panchayat & Other Committees’ involvement & accountability
Partnerships with Planning Dept & ATI
States learn from each other, hence establish a
tradition of multi-state studies; collect best
practices
UNICEF Country Programme:
New challenges and changing
Role
Role of UN in the 21st Century
Building institutional capacities
Advocacy, standards and norms
Post crisis response
On-going Reform: ‘Three Ones’
There is a changing UN culture – from
agency-specific to real UN system-wide
thinking and joint results
Programme
Team
Leader
Jammu & Kashmir
UNICEF: A national and state presence
Himachal Pradesh
PunjabChandigarh
Uttaranchal
Haryana
Delhi
Jaipur
Rajasthan
¤
New Delhi
Arunachal Pradesh
Sikkim
Lucknow
¤
Uttar Pradesh
Patna
Assam
¤ Guwahati
¤
Bihar
Jharkhand
Ranchi ¤
Madhya Pradesh
Gujarat
Gandhinagar
¤Bhopal
¤
Chhattisgarh
Raipur¤
Daman & Diu
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Mumbai¤
Orissa
Nagaland
Meghalaya
Manipur
West Bengal
Tripura
Mizoram
¤ Kolkata
¤
¤ Bhubaneshwar
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
¤ Hyderabad
Goa
Karnataka
Pondicherry
¤Chennai
Lakshadweep
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
n Country Office
¤ Field Offices
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
The Country Programme in 2003-2007
Reduce IMR -MMR
Reduce Child Malnutrition
Enhance Child Protection
Ensure quality primary education
Prevent HIVAIDS
Empowered families & communities
Expanded partnerships
Improved knowledge base on children
Under - 3
RCH
CDN
School Age
CE
Educ
Advocacy
&
Partnerships
PME
Adolescence
CP
HIVAIDS
Summary of Key Results
• Progress with salt iodization in certain states, increase from 37% in
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2003 to 57% in 2005.
“Last mile” for polio
Vitamin A supplementation increased with positive implications for
well-being of children: i.e. 76.2% for the May 2005 round in 12 – 36
months children in Orissa
While sanitation remains low nationwide, sanitary marts have
transformed West Bengal: Model be scaled-up nationwide
Water and sanitation facilities in schools dramatically increased,
with positive implications for girls’ attendance and also changing
behaviors within communities
Effective models developed for reducing mortality in first month of
life; reducing malnutrition and also increasing performance of
schools. Challenge now to “go to scale” while maintaining quality and
sustainability.
Changing role of UNICEF….
Promoting Political, Economic and Social Inclusion by:
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Normative Agenda
Modeling innovative interventions
Knowledge Management and Analysis
Systems Strengthening at district level
Community Empowerment
Behaviour Change at household level