Slide 1

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 2

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 3

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 4

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 5

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 6

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 7

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 8

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 9

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 10

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 11

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 12

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 13

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 14

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 15

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 16

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 17

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 18

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 19

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 20

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 21

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 22

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 23

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 24

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 25

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 26

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 27

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 28

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 29

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 30

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 31

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 32

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 33

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 34

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 35

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 36

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 37

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 38

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 39

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 40

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41


Slide 41

Introduction
What is the FNPRM?
The FAA published the FNPRM (Final Notice of Proposed Rule Making) on
04Jan2012 in the Federal Register.
The regulations establish:
Pilot - Flight / Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.

When do the Airlines have to comply?
Simply put, 04Jan2014, this date is two years since the publication date.

What do the Airlines have to do to comply?
Develop scheduling policies.
Develop training programs.
Update their Operations Specification (OPSPEC).
Upgrade crewmember scheduling software, including crew planning and crew
tracking software.
1

Intent of this presentation
To summarize the following sections of the FNPRM.
117.1
117.3
117.11
117.13
117.15
117.17
117.19
117.21
117.23
117.25
117.27

Applicability.
Definitions.
Flight time limitation.
Flight duty period: Un-augmented operations.
Flight duty period: Split duty.
Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrew.
Flight duty period extension.
Reserve status.
Cumulative duty limitations.
Rest period.
Consecutive nighttime operations.

2

Not included in this presentation
The following sections of the FNPRM.
117.5
117.7
117.9
117.29

Fitness for duty
Fatigue risk management system
Fatigue education and training program
Emergency and government sponsored operations

3

Major Changes
Applicability:
• Part 121 passenger operations must apply FAR part 117 for
all operations conducted under o Domestic (subpart Q) or
o Flag (subpart R) or
o Supplemental (subpart S)

• Part 121 All cargo operations
o may still operate under FAR 121 subparts Q, R or S

4

Major Changes

New scheduling concepts include:
•

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

•

Acclimatization

•

Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)

•

Part 91 Flights
o are now considered the same as Part 121 Flights when
conducted during a series of FDP operating under 117.
o Note: clarifying questions to the FAA have been made
concerning the required separation between Part 91
and Part 121 to qualify specific Part 91 flights not to be
subject to FAR Part 117 .
5

Major Changes
Accumulative Limitations for:
•

Flight Duty Period

•

Flight Time (Block)

•

Extended Flight Duty Periods

•

Consecutive Night Duty

6

Does not include at this time
Part 135 operations
Part 91 Subpart K operations
Part 121 Flight Attendants
•

Airlines may elect to apply these rules to FA’s

7

Basic Definitions
Calendar day
means a 24-hour period from 0000 through 2359 using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or local
time (Base time).
Duty
means any task that a flightcrew member performs as required by the certificate holder,
including but not limited to flight duty period, flight duty, pre- and post-flight duties,
administrative work, training, deadhead transportation, aircraft positioning on the ground,
aircraft loading, and aircraft servicing.
Report time
means the time that the certificate holder requires a flightcrew member to report for an
assignment.
Rest period
means a continuous period determined prospectively during which the flightcrew member is free
from all restraint by the certificate holder, including freedom from present responsibility for
work should the occasion arise.
8

Basic Definitions
Scheduled
means to appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time.
Sleep opportunity
means a period of time when a crewmember is provided and allowed to be in a suitable
accommodation to rest in.
Suitable accommodation
means a temperature-controlled facility with sound mitigation and the ability to control light
that provides a flightcrew member with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk or in a chair
that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position. Suitable accommodation only applies to ground
facilities and does not apply to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Unforeseen operational circumstance
means an unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules,
including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably
expected.

9

Augmentation
The use of Augmentation is restricted under the following
conditions:
• At least one flightcrew member with a PIC type rating must be present
and alert on the flight deck at all times.
• A limitation of 3 flight segments in any FDP.
• Ninety consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot
performing monitoring duties during landing.
• The flightcrew member who will be landing the aircraft on the final leg
of the FDP is required to have 2 hours of uninterrupted rest in the
second half of the FDP.

10

Augmentation
Rest facility means a bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that
provides a flightcrew member with a sleep opportunity.

1) Class 1 rest facility means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat
sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger
cabin in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the flightcrew member to
control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.

2) Class 2 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or
near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a
curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free
from disturbance by passengers or flightcrew members.

3) Class 3 rest facility means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines
at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support.
11

Augmentation
Applied Flightcrew Member Schemes
All operational flights contained within a FDP shall be evaluated to determine
the minimum applied scheme as follows:

This is consistent with current FAR interpretations, to avoid circumvention of
Flight Time / Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements.
FDP with more than 3 legs scheduled, must apply
• 2 Pilot Schemes (Un-augmented).
12

Flight Duty Period (FDP)
Report
Time

Release
Time

Duty Time

Arrive
Time

FDP

121

121

91

Block
Flight Time Between Rest Periods

13

DHD

Note:
Difference
between
Duty Time
and FDP
Flight Time between
rest periods is the sum of the
Block for all legs
contained within the
duty period.

Acclimatization
A Theater is a zone 60
degrees wide, relative to
the departure station of
the duty period.
JFK
SFO
CDG

073 deg West
122 deg West
002 deg East

JFK to SFO is in the same
Theater. 49 deg
difference
JFK to CDG Exits the
Theater. 75 deg
difference
14

Acclimatization
A crewmember is deemed to be acclimated whenever that individual has either:
• At least 36 hours continuous rest within a specific theater
or
• has remained in a specific theater for at least 72 hours.
Otherwise the individual is NOT acclimated.
JFK - CDG

CDG – ATH - CDG

Rest < 36

CDG - JFK

Rest >= 36

Time in Theater < 72
Theater 1 acclimated

Theater 2 un-acclimated

Theater 2 acclimated

Crewmember will remain un-acclimated until the 36 hour rest period has been received.
15

Acclimatization
Acclimatization effects:
• Daily FDP Limitations
• Daily Flight Time Limitations
• Rest Requirements
• Application of WOCL Rules
• Application of Night Duty Rules

16

WOCL
Physiological night’s rest means 10 hours rest that
encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the crewmember’s
home base, unless the individual has acclimated to a different
theater. If the crewmember has acclimated, the rest must
encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated
location.
Window of circadian low means a period of maximum
sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a
physiological night.

17

Split Duty Period
Duty Break:
• Is a span of time in which an individual is in a suitable accommodation
(Hotel) for no less than 3:00 and not more than a required rest period.
• A duty break must occur between 22:00 and 05:00
• A duty break is NOT considered a rest period.
• A duty break is scheduled prior to the start of the FDP.
• The actual duty break given must be no less than the scheduled duty
break.

Split Duty:
• Is a duty that contains a duty break.
Check-In Time
Duty Break

Arrival Time

Ground Time

18

Check-Out Time
Depart Time

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

19

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Total of the FDP’s Before and After the Duty Break – must not exceed
the limits in Table B.
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

20

Split Duty Period
Split Duty:
• The Combined FDP and Duty Break may not exceed 14:00
Check-In Time
Arrival Time

Duty Break

Check-Out Time

Ground Time

Depart Time

Combined FDP’s and Duty Break
FDP – Before Break

FDP – After Break

21

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• Is a Flight Duty Period which infringes upon any portion of the
WOCL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL

• Consecutive NFDPs are those which occur during the WOCL on
consecutive calendar days.
• A duty break is a period in which a Flightcrew member is given a sleep
opportunity in a suitable accommodation of at least 2 hours between
22:00 and 05:00.
22

Night Duty
Night Flight Duty Period (NFDP):
• A flightcrew member is not allowed to be assigned to more than 3 consecutive
NFDPs – unless the following conditions are met …

1

2

3

4

5

6

WOCL
o All of the NFDPs must contain a duty break.
o The Flightcrew member may be assigned a maximum of 5 consecutive NFDPs.

23

Rest in a
suitable accommodation
Suitable accommodation:
Shall only be applied to ground facilities and not to aircraft onboard rest facilities.
Example – Hotel

Rest Period:

Sleep opportunity:

Measured from Release to Report.

Measured from Hotel Check-in to Hotel
Check-out.

Check-In

Release

Sleep
Opportunity

Rest Period

24

Check-Out
Report

Rest Requirements
Minimum Rest before a FDP or
Reserve:
• Rest Period of 10:00 and
• Sleep opportunity of 8:00
o (117.25(e) refers)
Minimum Rest after a DHD that
exceeds The FDP limit in table B:
• Rest Period of max of DHD time
or 10:00
o (117.25.(g) refers)

Required Rest in 168:00 all
operations:
• At least one rest period of 30:00
must be found in the previous
168:00 measured from the
scheduled (expected) arrive time
of an operating flight.
Required Rest at Base after a change
in Theater for a series of FDP that
exceed 168:00:
• 3 Physiological night’s rest with a
minimum rest period of 56 hours.
25

Rest Requirements
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Rest period > = 30
30 hr

168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - legal
168 hour lookback from end of each opnl leg - illegal
Duty
Period

Rest
Period

FDP

Application of 30 hour rest period in any 168 consecutive hours.
26

9

Daily Flight Time Limitations
Un-Augmented Operations:
• Limited to flight time limitations in Table A for that duty period.
• The start time is relative to the Report time of that duty period.

Time of
Report
(Acclimated)

Maximum
Flight Time
(hours)

0000-0459

8

0500-1959

9

2000-2359

8

Table A

Augmented Operations:
• Limited to 13:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 3 pilot flight crew
• Limited to 17:00 scheduled flight time for that duty period for 4 pilot flight crew

27

Daily Flight Time Limitations
117.11 Flight time limitation.
No certificate holder may schedule and no flightcrew member may accept an
assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time:
a) Will exceed the limits specified in Table A of this part if the operation is conducted
with the minimum required flightcrew.
b) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3 pilot flightcrew.
c) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4 pilot flightcrew.
(Currently under 121 Regulations this is a scheduled flight time limit)
4:20
4:41

4:20

Total scheduled flight time 8:40

4:20

Total flight time 9:01 (due to late arrival on leg 1)

28

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• Based upon
o the Time of Report and
o the number of (operational) flight segments
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table B.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table B by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-1159
1200-1259
1300-1659
1700-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) for Lineholders Based
on Number Of (Operational) Flight Segments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
13
14
13
12
12
11
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
10
12
12
13
13
12
11
10
10

9
9
11.5
11.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
10
9
9

9
9
11
11
12
12
11
9
9
9

9
9
10.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
10.5
9
9
9

Table
29 B

Daily FDP Limitations
Augmented FDP:
• Based upon:
o the Time of Report and
o the number of flight crew and
o the type if in-flight rest facility on board,
• The scheduled FDP may not exceed the limits in Table C.
• Non-Acclimated FDPs shall reduce the limits in Table C by 0:30
Scheduled
Time of
Start
(Acclimated
Time)
0000-0559
0600-0659
0700-1259
1300-1659
1700-2359

Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) Based on Rest Facility and Number of Pilots

Class 1 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
15
16
17
16
15

4 Pilots
17
18.5
19
18.5
17

Class 2 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
14
15
16.5
15
14

Table C
30

4 Pilots
15.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5

Class 3 Rest Facility
3 Pilots
13
14
15
14
13

4 Pilots
13.5
14.5
15.5
14.5
13.5

Daily FDP Limitations
Un-Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00

Augmented FDP:
• May be extended up to 2:00
FDP extensions beyond 0:30 may not occur more than once in any 168:00
period unless an intervening rest period of 30 hours may be found.

31

Daily FDP Limitations

Application of FDP extensions greater than 0:30 in any 168 hour period
32

Daily FDP Limitations

FDP on day 8 is illegal if it is extended more than 0:30 beyond the scheduled FDP limit
33

Accumulative Limitations
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Today
Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Is a Lookback from point of evaluation

Uses Actual values for previously performed
activities.

34

Scheduled values for
activities to be
completed

Accumulative Limitations
Flight Time Limitations:
• May not exceed 100:00 in 672:00
• May not exceed 1000:00 in 365 Calendar Days (Base Time)
o Two checks required for legs that cross midnight

Lookback is from
arrival time of leg
or Midnight.

FDP Limitations:
• May not exceed 60:00 in 168:00
• May not exceed 190:00 in 672:00

Lookback is from
arrival time of
leg.

Extended FDP before takeoff may NOT cause a violation of
Cumulative FDP Limits (117.19 (a)(3) refers)
35

Reserves
Airport Standby (ASB):
• Occurs when a crewmember reports for flight duty at a specific location to await
assignment to a trip.
• Is considered duty as well as flight duty period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Short Call Reserve (SC):
• means a period of time in which a crewmember does not receive a required rest
period following notification by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty
period.
• Is subject to flight duty limitations when assigned to a FDP.
• Is subject to rest requirements

Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is NOT considered duty OR flight duty period.
• Will require an intervening rest period prior to being assigned to a Reserve or FDP
when a flightcrew member is notified by the certificate holder to report for duty.
36

Reserve Limitations
Report

Arrive
Time

FDP

Airport
Reserve

FDP for Airport Reserve (ASB):
• Is measured from Report of the Reserve to the later of Release from the
Reserve or the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
FDP Limits:
• Is from Table B, using the Report time of the Reserve and the number of
flights, If the ASB is not assigned a trip the FDP shall be limited using 1
Flight.
37

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from start of the reserve to the later of release from the reserve the
last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.
Applied FDP Limit

Start of
SC

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Un-Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o 16:00
o Table B + 4:00 using the start time
of the reserve
38

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table B.

Reserve Limitations
FDP for Short Call Reserve (SC):
• Is measured from Report of the reserve to the later of Release from the reserve or
the last operating Flight in the 1st FDP.

Start of
SC

Applied FDP Limit

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

FDP Limits Augmented Operations:
• Is the lesser of:
o Table C + 4:00 using the start time of
the reserve
o Table C using the report time of the trip
39

• Use the Start Time of the SC
to find the FDP limit from
Table C.

Reserve Limitations
Start of
SC

RAP – 14:00

Report
of Trip
Short Call
Reserve

FDP

Arrive
Time

Reserve Availability Period(RAP):
• Is 14:00 maximum
o this is the time frame that an air carrier may contact, require a flightcrew
member to report to a trip.
Trips assigned outside the RAP require a minimum rest period of 10:00 with a minimum
sleep opportunity of 8:00.

40

Reserve Limitations
WOCL
Release from
(End of) LC

Long Call
Reserve

Report
of Trip
Rest Period

Required Rest period after Long Call Reserve (LC):
• Is 10:00 if assigned to a Trip, SC reserve, ASB reserve.
• Is 12:00 if the following Flight Duty Period Operates Into the WOCL.

41