Slide 1

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 2

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 3

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 4

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 5

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 6

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 7

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 8

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 9

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 10

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 11

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 12

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 13

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 14

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 15

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 16

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 17

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 18

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 19

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.


Slide 20

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWA
Special Assistant to the Director
Aviation Security Office
Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Contents
I.

Overview of Aviation Security System
in Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1.
2.
3.

Regulated Agent Regime
Screening
Quality Control

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanTotal number of international passengers ： 51.53 million per year
International
Passengers flow to and from Japan

(Unit: Thousand)

Europe

5,892
North and
South America

12,483

Asia and Oceania

33,155
Hawaii

2,857

Korea

7,534
China

10,778

(Including Hong Kong)

ASEAN
countries

7,859

Guam/
Saipan

2,369
（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Civil Aviation Activities in JapanAir Cargo Handling Volume

In million
ton-kilometers160,000

2005
2006

140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world

Restricted

ICAO: Annual Report of the
Council, 2006

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

< Major Responsibilities >
1.

JCAB




2.

Airport Operators




3.

Screening of passengers and their baggage
Security Measures for air cargo
Security measures for aircraft

Regulated Agent


5.

Access control
Airport contingency plan
Airport Security Committee

Air Carriers




4.

Policy, law and regulation making
Coordination among relevant agencies
Inspection

Security Measures for air cargo

Police



Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Aviation Security System in Japan -

Air
Carriers

 Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage
and hold baggage
 Security controls of catering supplies and
stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft

 aircraft security check, etc.

Education of screeners
Regulated
Agents

Airport
operators

and airport terminal
companies

Instruction &
Education

Governmental
agencies (police,
CIQ, etc.)

Government (CAB)

Instruction &
Education

Security measures for
passenger and baggage

 Education, training and certifications of
screeners

Security measures for air cargo
 Security control of air cargo handling facilities
 Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports
 Setting of security restricted areas in airports
and ensuring access control
 Staff screening, etc.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

I.

Introduction
- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

 Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
In June 1985, a container of transfer
hold baggage exploded at Narita
Airport, killing two ground workers. It
was revealed that this container came
from Vancouver and was to be taken
on board aircraft operated by Air India.

 Concurrent aircraft explosion over
the North Atlantic
One hour after the incident in Japan,
another aircraft operated by Air India
from Montreal to London (AI 182)
exploded in the air while flying over
the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

Source: The Asahi Press
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purpose
To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining
the security of air cargo.

Enforcement
October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)
April 1, 2006
(full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents
(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents)
158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
- Compatibility between security of air cargo and
facilitation of air cargo flow
- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air
cargoes
 As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified
as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.
 As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been
identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is
required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers
before loading into aircraft.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Known Shipper

Guidance and
request for
cooperation

Safety declaration
ensuring cargo safety
Consistent protection
from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Unknown
Cargo

Approval and
instruction

Regulated Agent
Safety
confirmation

Application

MLIT

Air Cargo
Security
Programme

Instruction of
security measure

Air Carrier
Screening for
explosive
(ETDS, etc.)

Safety confirmation of air cargo
before loading into aircraft

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation
Bureau)
–
–



Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime
Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air
cargo in their air cargo security programmes
Competence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security Programmes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Category of the threat level
Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level,
including security control for air cargo handling facilities
Methods of confirming know shippers
Specific procedures for safety confirmation
Education and training in aviation security
Regular self-inspection concerning its security measures
Other items required

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Effective scope of safety declaration
AWB: Shipper=Company A

Order

Safety
confirmation

Safety declaration note and
written consent
to be screened for explosives

Company A:
Known shipper

Subsidiary
(Vendor)

Known cargo

By submitting the safety declaration
note for secure air cargo, all cargoes
shipped by A (on the AWB) and
handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.

AWB: Shipper
=Company A

Subsidiary
vendor

Company X:
RA or Air carrier

Associated
companies

Restricted

Other
companies

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
1. Regulated Agent Regime

Flow of Air Cargo
Known Shipper
Shippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

１

Unknown Shipper

KS

Shippers other than known shippers

２

４

３

５

６

RA

Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)
・Refusal of acceptance

・Safety confirmation by the package

・Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or
・24 hour-detention*

・Process control complying
with the standards

２
Air Carriers

４

３

５

３ ５ ６

１ ２ ４
・Safety confirmation by the package
・Process control complying with the
standards

Forwarders other
than RA

・Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search
・Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or
・24 hour detention*

On board aircraft
Restricted

* 24-hour detention is allowed
only when the air cargo is to be
loaded onto aircraft dedicated
for air cargo transport.

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening

Principle of security measures taken by an RA
• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board
passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by
an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a
known shipper.
• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from
known shippers, and then take preventive measures against
unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.


Opening search or screening by screening equipment
(X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *
* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft
dedicated for air cargo transport.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening -Screening Equipment-

 Type of Screening equipment
 ETDS – Mainly used
 X-Ray
 Others
 Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel – Training

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
2. Screening - Financial support -

 Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25
airports)
 Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies
 Target items:
① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
(X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)
② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives
③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport
* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost
* In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semigovernmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu)
or local governments, they also provide financial support in
principle in a similar way to the national government.
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control

 Requirements of submitting reports and
receiving CAB’s inspection
– Instruction for improvement of air cargo
security programme, or cancellation of the
approval by the CAB

 Training for security officer
– National Civil Aviation Training program
– Annual training program provided by CAB

Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.Security measures for air cargo

1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is
access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of
doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security
measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives,
appropriately taken? etc.

2.Confirmation of known shippers
3.Specific methods of safety
confirmation

2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.
3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers
appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly
conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.Education and training in
aviation security
5.State of implementation of selfinspection
6.Others

4. Are education and training properly performed according to the
programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

Advance
preparation

5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.
6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed
of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately
saved? etc.

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
work
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

II.

Air Cargo Security in Japan
3. Quality Control - Inspection -

Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB
Main Items of inspection

Concrete contents of inspection

1.The procedure of receiving
cargo

1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they
distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are
relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept
appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from
unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the
counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening

2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray
machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3.Access control

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area.
How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the
cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to
restricted area? How do they issue and control permits
(personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area?
etc.

Advance
preparation

・Advance hearing on the basis Subsequent • Recording by inspection report writing
work
of answers to inquiry form
• Follow-up on the indicated points
Restricted

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

International Air Transport Network is
expanding globally and International
cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for
further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.