Transcript Reported speech
Slide 1
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 2
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 3
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 4
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 5
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 6
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 7
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 8
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 9
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 2
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 3
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 4
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 5
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 6
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 7
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 8
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)
Slide 9
„There will be a party on Saturday.“
„Sorry?“
„ I said that there would be a party on Saturday!
Would you like to come with me?“
„Pardon?“
„Are you deaf? I asked you to come with me.“
Reported speech
What is the time
shift?
What is reported
speech?
How do I form sentences
in reported speech?
training
What else does
change?
What is reported speech?
If you want to tell someone what somebody said, you must
use reported speech.
Charles: „I am living in London now.“
>>>> Charles said that he was living in London now.
Charles: „My father isn‘t very well.“
>>>> Charles said his father wasn‘t very well.
Charles: „Tiffany has had a baby.“
>>>> Charles remarked that Tiffany had had a baby.
How do you form sentences in
reported speech?
Charles: „I speak English.“
Charles says he speaks English.
If the reporting verb is in the
present, the verb in the
reported sentence doesn‘t
change.
Charles said he spoke English.
If the reporting verb is in the
past, the verb in the reported
sentence does change.
But how??
Backshift!
Direct speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Reported speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Was/were going to
Future I (will)
would
would
would
Examples – Reported speech with backshift
Charles: „English is my favourite subject.“
>> Tense: Simple Present
>> Rule: Simple Present >> Simple Past
Charles said (that) English was his favourite subject.
Charlette: „My bike was stolen a few weeks ago.“
>> Tense: Simple Past
>> Rule: Simple Past >> Past Perfect
Charlette told me (that) her bike had been stolen a few weeks ago.
Charles: „Roger will go to France.“
>> Tense: Future (will)
>> Rule: will >> would
Charles said Roger would go to France.“
Expressions of time and place
Charles: „I am going to Spain today.“
Two weeks later.
Al: „Hi, Charles, you are here! But didn‘t you say you were going to Spain today?“
Charles: „This is what I said two weeks ago. I came back yesterday.“
Direct speech
Reported speech
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
... days ago
... days before
last week
the week before
next year
the following year
tomorrow
the next day/the following day
here
there
this
that
these
those
Training
Make sentences. Use reported speech! Be careful with the
pronouns and with the expressions of time and place!
This is what Charles said:
... he was living in London now.
1. „I‘m living in London now.“
... his father wasn‘t very well that day.
2. „My father isn‘t very well today.“
... Sharon
and Paul
werenext
getting
married the following month.
3. „Sharon and Paul
are getting
married
month.
Margeret
had a baby the day before.
4. „Margaret has...had
a babyhat
yesterday.“
5. „I don‘t know what
doing.“
... he Fred
didn‘tisknow
what Fred was doing.
6. „I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.“
... he had seen Helen at a party in June and she had seemed fine.
7. „I haven‘t seen Diane last week.“
... he
seen
Diane
the week before.
8. „I‘m not enjoying
myhadn‘t
job very
much
today.“
... and
he was
enjoying
his job
that day.
9. „You can come
staynot
at my
flat if you
arevery
evermuch
in London.“
10. „My car was ...
stolen
a few
weeks
I could
come
and ago.“
stay at his flat if I ever was in London.
11. „I want to go on holiday next week but I can‘t afford it.“
... his car had been stolen a few weeks before.
12. „I‘ll tell Ann I saw you.“
... he wanted to go on holiday the following week but he could not afford it.
... he would tell Ann he had seen me.
Verbs to report statements
Charles: „You are late.“
Charles told me I was late.
Charles said I was late.
Charles remarked that I was late. (to remark: bemerken)
Charles pointed out that I was late. (to point out: darstellen, auf etwas hinweisen)
Charles answered that I was late. (to answer: antworten)
Charles replied that I was late. (to reply: antworten)
Charles admitted that I was late. (to admit: zugeben)
Charles added that I was late. (to add: hinzufügen)
Charles complained that I was late. (to complain: sich beschweren)
Charles shouted that I was late.
Charles murmured that I was late. (to murmur: murmeln)