Society at the Turn of the 20

th

Century

Circa 1850-1920

Literacy & Newspapers

• Auguste Comte • The Positive Philosophy • Stages: – Theological – Metaphysical – Positive • Positivism • Father of Sociology

Charles Darwin

The Origin of Species The Descent of Man

“Natural Selection”

“Social Darwinism” Herbert Spencer Thomas Henry Huxley

Louis Pasteur “Pasteurization” Robert Koch Germ Research

Ernst Mach & William Rotegen

Marie Curie & Ernest Rutherford

Max Plank & Albert Einstein

• Sigmund Freud • Father of Psychoanalysis •

The Interpretation of Dreams

• Id, Ego, Superego

Carl Jung & Ivan Pavlov

Archetypal Ideas and Behaviorism

•

The Birth of Tragedy

•

Thus Spake Zarathustra

•

Beyond Good and Evil

•

Genealogy of Morals

Friedrich Nietzsche

• • Racism Anti-Semitism • Anti-Semitic Leaders: – Karl Lueger – – Adolf Stoecker Dreyfus’s Persecutor's • Zionism – Theodore Herzl Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau -

Essay on the Inequality of Human Races

Houston Stewart Chamberlin -

Foundations of the Nineteenth Century

• • •

The Subjection of Women

• • John Stuart Mill Harriet Taylor Millicent Fawcett • Emmaline Pankhurst National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies • • Women’s Social and Political Union Suffragettes

Elizabeth Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention National American Woman Suffrage Association

• • • • • • • • • Literature Charles Dickens –

Oliver Twist

–

Great Expectations

Gustave Flaumbert –

Madame Bovary

Emile Zola George Bernard Shaw –

Arms and the Man

– –

Man and Superman Androcles and the Lion

Fyodor Dostoevsky – Crime and Punishment Leo Tolstoy – War and Peace Kate Chopin –

The Awakening

Mark Twain – The Gilded Age – With Charles Dudley Warner – –

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

• • Art - Impressionism – – Modern life Leisure Edouard Manet – The Luncheon on the Grass • • • • Camille Pissaro Pierre-Auguste Renoir Edgar Degas Claude Monet – Impression, Sunrise

• • Post-Impressionism – Focus on form and structure Georges Seurat – Neo-Impressionism –

A Sunday on La Grande Jatte

• • • Vincent Van Gogh – Emotional Struggle –

Starry Night

Paul Gauguin – Coloring – Synthesist Paul Cézanne – Impressionism to Cubism

The Radio

Nikola Tesla & Guglielmo Marconi

• • • •

The Great Train Robbery

New York City to Hollywood “Silent Films” to “Talking Films”

The Jazz Singer

The Cinema

• Thomas Edison • Role in the invention of: – Phonograph – Dictaphone – – Mimeograph Moving Picture – Light Bulb

• • • • • • Henry Bessemer Steel Chemical Industry Solvay process Dyestuffs & Plastics Electrical Power Stations

Second Industrial Revolution

• Internal Combustion Engine • Gottlieb Damlier • Automobile • Henry Ford • Moving Assembly Line

Quiz 4

• Pick two inventions, philosophies, or individuals from this section. Explain in two short essays why you believe they were the most important inventions, philosophies, or individuals of the turn of the century.