Transcript Общение без границ Презентацию на тему: «How did people communicate in the past?» подготовила: Захарова Дарья, 8 класс Руководитель: Захарова Елена Александровна, учитель английского языка Средняя школа.

Общение без границ
Презентацию на тему: «How did people
communicate in the past?» подготовила:
Захарова Дарья, 8 класс
Руководитель: Захарова Елена
Александровна,
учитель английского языка
Средняя школа при Посольстве России
в Лаосе
Why do we communicate?
•For connecting with others
•Giving or providing information
•Giving advice
•Teaching
•Consulting
•Learning
•Writing rules and laws
•Seeking information
•For expressing our emotions
•Motivating the people around us
•Selling goods
• Advertising
•Networking with people with common interests
We have done a survey on teenagers’
modern means of communication
According to our survey
Communication
Internet
Mobilephone
Face to face
11%
25%
64%
Children and adolescents seem to communicate with their peers more
electronically than face to face. They chat with their friends through
instant messaging, texting, social network sites such as Facebook and
email. Often times they are multi-tasking; they may be texting several of
their friends while chatting via instant message and at the same time
listening to the latest music download.
Modern means of communication
Nowadays we cannot imagine human contact
without modern technology devices such as
mobile phones, smartphones, i-Pods, i-Pads,
Tablets, laptops and so on.
Modern means of
communication have
made the distance
between people
unimportant. Mobile
phones are portable and
let us contact others
wherever they and we
are. When we think of it
we cannot understand
how people who lived 50
years ago were able to
keep in touch.
How did people get messages to one
another in the past?
• Well, they did not have modern technology,
but they certainly had creativity.
• The pigeon was the fastest means of
communication until the 19th century. Since
the ancient Greeks used pigeons to
announce the winners of the Olympic
games to the Athenians, pigeons have been
used throughout history to deliver news
about wars, battles and even the latest
stock prices!
• North American Indians used smoke signals
to send messages. After lightning a fire on a
hill, they would cover it with a blanket and
then remove it, causing a puff of smoke to
rise up into the air. The messages such as
“Attention!”, “All` s well” or “Danger!” could
be seen from up to fifty miles away!
• A signalling mirror is a simple, effective means of
communication and an indispensable item in
your bag. On a clear, dry day, a signal mirror can
project an attention-getting signal as far as 15 miles.
And if you’re looking for the signal, expecting it, you
can spot it up to 20 miles away. Rescue teams, first
responders, air and sea pilots, and military personnel
are all trained to recognize intentional reflective
signalling as a distress call.
• The ancient Egyptians, Romans and
Greeks all used a highly efficient system
involving a messenger running or riding
to a ‘station’ with a message and then
shouting or passing it on to another
waiting messenger and so on, until the
message reached its destination. A
variation on this system was a network
of people shouting their messages from
field to field and from farm to farm.
• In the late 1700′s and early 1800′s the first telegraph was invented.
The telegraph system was a form of communication that transmitted
electric signals over wires from different locations to translate
messages. The first telegraph was invented by Claude Chappe in
1794, this telegraph was not electric, it was a “semaphores, or tall
poles with movable arms, and other signaling apparatus, set within
physical sight of one another.” Many others tried to reinvent and
improve the way telegraphs worked. However, Samuel Morse was
the only one who perfected it. Morse took the significance of those
facts found by previous inventors and invented a more practical and
commercial system.
• Morse laid out three major parts of the telegraph the sender, the
receiver and the code. The sender opened and closed the electric
circuit, the receiver used, the electromagnet to record the signal, and
the code translated the signals into letters and numbers.
• Throughout history and in every civilization, people have felt the need
to communicate in secret. There are two ways to communicate in
secret: steganography and cryptology. Although steganography is a
very clever way , it does have an Achilles heel. If the messenger does
not do a particularly good job concealing their message and someone
finds it, all its secrets will be immediately revealed. Another very old
form of steganography is invisible ink. Inks made of simple organic
materials such as milk or lemon juice, which turn dark when held over a
flame, were used as early as the first century AD for very serious
communications.
• Cryptology hides the meaning of messages by using
codes. Codes are essentially secret languages. Julius
Caesar invented one. He replaced every letter in a word
by the letter three places away from it in the alphabet. A
was D,B was E, and so on. You may be surprised to learn
that secret communication is a part of everyday life! For a
example, every time you use your credit card to buy
something from a company over the Internet, cryptology
is employed. It is also thriving in the digital world. Secret
messages can easily be hidden in email, audio and image
files.
«Communication is the solvent of all problems
and is the foundation for personal
development.»
Peter Shepherd