Transcript COMPUTER: HISTORY AND NEEDS N. Nilgün Çokça http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~ncokca BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data.  Numbers, letters voice.

COMPUTER: HISTORY AND NEEDS
N. Nilgün Çokça
http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~ncokca
BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS
A computer is an electronic device that
manipulates information, or data.
 Numbers, letters voice or photographs can be
taken as data.
 A computer is an electronic tool for inputting,
processing, storing, manipulating, and retrieving
information.
 Computers are electronic machines that get data,
process and returns this data to information.

A computer does not create information
THE BASIC DATA PROCESSING:
 Input
 Four
basic arithmetic process (addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division)
 Logical processes
 Output
 Memory
COMPUTERS CAN BE USED IN :
Finance
 Medicine
 Communication
 Marketing
 Libraries
 Education
 Commerce
 And surely in game sector.

HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

3000 BC
 the

abacus (By Babylonians).
1642
 Pascaline:
The Pascaline used gears and wheels
("counting-wheels") to perform the calculations.

1800
 Charles
Babbage and his Difference Engine and
Analytical Engine.

1884


1889


Herman Hollerith won the competition for the delivery of
data processing equipment to assist in the processing of the
data from the 1890 US Census.
1914


The American Institute for Electrical Engineering (AIEE) was
founded
Hollerith Tabulating Company, eventually became one of the
three that composed the Calculating-Tabulating-Recording
(C-T-R) company.
1924

Calculating-Tabulating-Recording (C-T-R) company in was
renamed IBM in.

1937


1946


Their prototype machine, the "Baby" was operated for the first
time; the world truly moved from the domain of calculators to the
domain of computers
1957


Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
June 21, 1948


Howard Aiken’s The Harvard MARK I computer for IBM
The IBM 305 RAMAC was the first disk memory system.
1960

After three years of work Backus and his colleagues delivered the
first FORTRAN program compiler for the IBM 704, and almost
immediately the first error message was encountered -- a missing
comma in a computed GO TO statement

1964


April 7, 1964


IBM announced System/360, the first IBM family of
compatible machines.
Fall of 1964


Douglas Engelbart had developed the “mouse”
the Dartmouth Time Sharing System became operational
with BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction
Code)
1974


Intel introduced the 8080 for the purposes of controlling
traffic lights
First ATM machines appear.


1977
 Microsoft --Bill Gates and Paul Allen
 Apple Corporations
1981



1984


IBM "PC" and supported by the Microsoft DOS operating
system
Commodore introduced the VIC-20
Sony and Phillips announced CD-ROM.
1985

Microsoft Windows 1.0 had been announced.

1987


1988


Software for Workstations (Computer Graphics 7/90)
1994


Computer Society opens Asian office in Tokyo
1990


Computer Society opens European office in Brussels
Netscape browser has been developed.
1995

Windows 95 announced.

1996
 Google
is first developed by Sergey Brin and Larry
Page.

1997
 Microsoft
releases Microsoft Office 97.
 The Li-Ion battery begins being used for commercial
uses.

1998
 Apple
introduces the iMac, the iMac helps bring
Apple back on the computer maps as a very easy
and friendly computer.

2001



2004


USB 2.0 is introduced.
Apple introduces the iPod.
Google announces Gmail on April 1, 2004.
2005



YouTube is founded and comes online February 15, 2005.
Yahoo announces that it will acquire the popular photo
service Flickr on March 21, 2005.
Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is released
on April 24, 2005.

2007
 Apple
releases the Apple iPhone to the public June
29, 2007.
 Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista and
Office 2007 to the general public January 30, 2007.

2008
 The
HD player war comes to an end when HD DVD
calls it quit, making Blu-ray the victor on February
19, 2008.
HARDWARE ~SOFTWARE




Computer hardware is the collection of physical
elements that constitutes a computer system.
Hardware refers to the physical parts or
components of a computer.
Computer software means computer instructions
or data. Anything that can be stored electronically is
software.
Software is any set of machine-readable
instructions that directs a computer's processor to
perform specific operations.
HARDWARE

CPU
HARDWARE
Memory
RAM
Random Access Memory

Memory
DRAM
Cache Memory
ROM
Read-Only Memory
SRAM
PROM
EPROM
 RAM
(random-access memory)
 ROM (Read-Only Memory)
1 KB =1024 Byte  1000 Byte
1 MB = 1024*1024 Byte  1.048.576 Byte  1.000.000 Byte
1 GB =1024*1024*1024 Byte 1.073.741.800 Byte  1.000.000.000 Byte

Permanent Data Storages
 Magnetic
Tape
 Magnetic Disk
 Hard Disk
 Floppy Disk
 CD-ROM
 DVD
 USB Disk
COMPUTER HARDWARES
Monitor
 Mouse
 Keyboard
 Computer data storage
 Hard drive disk (HDD)
 System unit (graphic cards, sound cards,
memory, motherboard and chips),
 etc. all of which are physical objects that can
be touched.

COMPUTER HARDWARES
COMPUTER IN DEVICES

Input
Keyboard
 Mouse
 Light pen
 Scanner
 Modem


Output
Screen
 Printer
 Modem

SOFTWARE ~ SYSTEM
Systems software includes the operating
system and all the utilities that enable the
computer to function.
 System Software:

 Macintosh
Operating Systems
 Novel (Netware) Operating Systems
 Unix Operating Systems
 Ms-Dos Operating Systems
 Windows 95 and the rests
SOFTWARE ~ APPLICATION
Applications software includes programs that
do real work for users.
 Application Software:

 Word
Processor
 Spreadsheet
 Database
HARDWARE VS SOFTWARE
Computer hardware and software
require each other and neither can be
realistically used without the other.
ABACUS
PASCALINE
DIFFERENCE ENGINE
HOLLERITH DESK
THE HARVARD MARK I: AN ELECTRO-MECHANICAL COMPUTER
THE ORIGINAL IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)
THE FIRST COMPUTER MOUSE HELD BY ENGELBART
BILL GATES AND PAUL ALLEN
COMMODORE THE VIC-20
NETSCAPE
GOOGLE
iMAC
USB
iPOD
iPHONE
CPU
MEMORY
INPUT
OUTPUT