Transcript The multi racial society of Malaysia Composition and distribution Population (July 2010): 28.3 million. 44th most populated country in the world. The Malaysian population.

The multi racial society of
Malaysia
Composition and distribution
Population (July 2010): 28.3 million.
44th most populated country in the world.
The Malaysian population continues to grow at a rate of
2.4% per annum;
about 34% of the population is under the age of 15.
Ethnic groups:
Malay 53.3%, Chinese 26.0%, indigenous 11.8%, Indian
7.7%, others 1.2%.
Religions:
Islam (60.4%), Buddhism (19.2%), Christianity (9.1%),
Hinduism (6.3%), other/none (5.0%).
Malays
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Malays:- speaks Malay language, practice Malay custom and profess
Islamic religion
- Engaged in farming, fishing and handicraft
The actual history begins with the Malacca Sultanate (1402-1511),
although there is mention of Malaya in the maritime empire of Srivijaya that
was based on Java about A.D. 700.
The trading empire based on control of the Strait of Malacca was the center
of the diffusion of Islam throughout Malaysia. This spread, which was led by
teachers and sufis, was peaceful.
Between the 1500s and the 1800s there were struggles among competing
groups such as the Acehnese, the Bugis, and the Minangkabau for
dominance on the peninsula, while Melaka struggled with the Dutch and
other European powers who sought to straddle the commerce in the strait.
Chinese •
• came in large number between 18 & 19 th century
• Earlier – already present in Riau was a gambier and tinmines /in Larut pepper plantation
• Early 19th century- moved to Lukut & Sg ujung to work in
tin mines
• Mid 19th century obtained mining consessions from local
rulers- moved from singapore to johore
• Temenggung issue Surat Sungai to Chinese chieftain
(kangcu) to open gambier –pepper plantation
• In Perak Long Jaafar brought in labour for Straits
Settlement to work in tin mines
Situation in China :• Corrupt Ching Government
• Political unrest
• Rebellions
• Natural disaster
Initially Chinese do not intend to stay.
In 1930 chinese began to consider staying
Existence recognised during Malayan Union
Majority came from Hokkien & Kwantung
Chinese
Methods of
entry
Credit
Ticket
System
Personnel
Recruiting
System
Kongsi
House
Recruting
System
Individual
In Groups
arrangements
• Large scale entry was checked by British
when Immigration Control Act passed in
1930 following economic recession
• British set limit of entry
• Must be fit and could get employment
• Restriction made fair expensive
• Flow came to an end
The Indians
• Arrived before 19th century
• After Anglo Dutch treaty british brought
Indian prisoner from Bencoolen – to work
in construction of roads and bridges
• 1840’s brought in another group to work
in sugar cane plantation
• 1874- another group brought in for coffee
and tea plantations
• 80% were Tamils and Malabari
• Also brought in white collar indians from malabari &
ceylons to work as clerks, hospital assistant
• Situation in india
• - caste system restrict employment
• -rapid population
• -Shortage of food
• -Drought
• -starvation
• -rise in land tax by british
1859 –fare become too expensive as British impose
passenger tax
Indian
Methods of entry
Contract labour
system
Kangani system
Individual
arrangement
The Orang asli & other
communities
• aboriginal of the country together with Malays and the
indigeneous people of sabah & Sarawak –bumiputra
• Divided into 3 major groups
- Senoi
- proto-Malays
- Negrito
Highland :- Murut, kelabit & Penan
Lowland :- Iban, Bidayuh, Kayan
Coastal settlers :- Malay, melanau & Kadayan
Others include Sikhs, Pakistani, Cambodians & Eurasians
The concept of Plural society
JS Furnival
• A social situation in colonised land.
• ethnic groups who lived under 1 political
unit but not intergrated
• every group has different language,
culture, religion and way of thinking.
• Basis of contact only on economic.
• Some mixed cultural due to mixed
marriages
Theory of Social relations
» The process of Intergration
Segregation
Accomodation
Accultaration
Assimilation
Amalgamated
History of Ethnic relations
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- stage of co existence
- frequent external contact
- compromise
- unity
- intergration
Obtacles
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prejudice
Communialism
Ethnocentrism
Ignorance
Socialisation limited to within owns ethnic
Communal politics
Socio economic difference
Cultural differences
segregation