Transcript Use of known-source adult chinook salmon and steelhead to evaluate homing and survival of adult migrants in the Columbia River: 2000-2002 C.

Use of known-source adult chinook salmon
and steelhead to evaluate homing and survival
of adult migrants in the Columbia River:
2000-2002
C. A. Peery, M. L. Keefer, and S. R. Lee
Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
U.S. Geological Survey
and
Northwest Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries
Funding:
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
U. S. Geological Survey
Study goal: Use radio telemetry to monitor and evaluate passage
of adult salmon and steelhead in Columbia and
Snake rivers
Methods
1. Collect and tag fish at Bonneville Dam.
2. Release tagged fish downstream
and upstream of Bonneville Dam.
Study Area
Canada
U.S.A.
McIntyre
Dam
Lake
Zosel Osoyoos
Dam
Chief
Joseph
Wells Grand
Coulee
Columbia River
Rock
Island
Snake River
Rocky
Reach
Wanapum
Little
Goose
Priest
Lower
Rapids
Monumental
Yakima R.
Ice
Harbor
John
Day
McNary
Portland
Bonneville
The
Dalles
Lower
Granite
Use of PIT tags
1999: Trial use of archival Data Storage Transmitters (DSTS).
fish tagged at Ice Harbor Dam and retrieved at
Lower Granite Dam using Sort-by-Code
2000: Selecting for known-source fish at Bonneville Dam
for evaluations of homing ability.
2002: Double tagged (radio and PIT) fish used to evaluate
fishway PIT tag detectors and lost tags.
2002: Develop methods to interpret fishway PIT tag detections
to evaluate adult salmon and steelhead passage at dams.
Objectives
Summarize homing and straying rates for known-source adults
Identify fates and distribution of known-source fish
that did not home or stray
• Mainstem harvest
• Unknown fate
PIT-tag sites for 1,276 sp/su chinook salmon with radios
(2000-2002)
Upper Columbia dams and hatcheries
277 (22%)
At LoMo
46 (4%)
Yakima
WL
218 (17%)
RR
At LGr
RI
WP
LGr
PR
Carson NFH
78 (6%)
383 (30%)
LM GO
IH
JD
BO
MN
TD
Upstream from LGr
255 (20%)
John Day
15 (1%)
other: 3 Umatilla, 1 Tucannon
PIT-tag sites for 1,285 steelhead with radios (2000-2002)
Upper Columbia dams and hatcheries
466 (36%)
WL
RR
At LGr
RI
WP
LGr
PR
650 (51%)
LM GO
IH
JD
BO
MN
Upstream from LGr
TD
143 (11%)
Umatilla
18 (1%)
other: 1 Yakima, 1 Wind, 4 Walla Walla, Tucannon 2
PIT-tag sites for 118 fall chinook with radios (2000-2002)
Upper Columbia dams
5 (4%)
Yakima
PR Hatchery
WL
10 (8%)
RR
5 (4%)
RI
WP
LGr
PR
LM GO
IH
JD
BO
MN
Upstream from LGr
or Lyons Ferry
97 (82%)
TD
Umatilla
18 (1%)
other: 1 Ringold Hatchery
Homing/Escapement* of PIT-tagged stocks
100
Steelhead
Sp/Su chinook
120
98
80
38
99
140
15
470 186
8
Homing (%)
29
60
28
357 436
48
140
326
40
20
2000
2001
2002
10
0
Wind JohnDay Yakima Snake
UCol
Umatilla Snake
UCol
* Homing for Snake fish = last recorded upstream from Lower Granite Dam or at LGr Trap
* Homing for Upper Columbia fish = last recorded upstream from Priest Rapids Dam
Chi-square tests for between-stock differences in homing
2001
2002
0.004 yak
0.141
0.391
0.131
Snake v. Wind
0.357
0.087
Yakima v. U. Columbia
0.060
0.977
0.008 yak
0.008 yak
0.191
0.007 col
0.130
0.688
Sp/Su Chinook
2000
Snake v. Yakima
Snake v. U. Columbia
Yakima v. Wind
Wind v. U. Columbia
0.120
Steelhead
Snake v. U. Columbia
Straying* of PIT-tagged stocks
20
Sp/Su chinook
2000
2001
2002
Straying (%)
15
Steelhead
40%
10
8
10
48
140
357
5
38
29
326
436
28
470
98
0
15
186
120
Wind JohnDay Yakima Snake
140
99
UCol
Umatilla Snake
UCol
* Includes fish harvested out-of-basin whose straying may have been temporary
(38% of sp/su chinook and 31% of steelhead strays were harvested)
Where PIT-tagged sp/su chinook stocks strayed
stray harvest
Snake (13)
U. Columbia (3)
WL
Wind (6)
RR
Yakima (1)
RI
Umatilla (1)
WP
LGr
PR
LM GO
IH
JD
BO
TD
Total straying rate = 1.88% (24/1,276)
MN
Where PIT-tagged steelhead stocks strayed
stray harvest
Snake (46)
U. Columbia (32)
WL
Walla Walla (4)
RR
Tucannon (1)
RI
Umatilla (5)
WP
LGr
PR
LM GO
IH
JD
BO
TD
Total straying rate = 6.85% (88/1,285)
MN
Differential steelhead straying: shoreline orientation?
Stock
Upper
Snake
Columbia
Did not stray in lower river
752
435
Strayed into OR-shore tributaries
32
9
Strayed into WA-shore tributaries
10
22
P = 0.003
P = 0.065
Chi-square test
PIT-tagged stocks harvested in mainstem* fisheries
25
Sp/Su chinook
2000
2001
2002
Mainstem harvest (%)
20
Steelhead
48
15
140
326
470
10
186
436
10
98
29
5
15
357
120
140
99
38
0
8
28
Wind JohnDay Yakima Snake
UCol
* Downstream from Lower Granite and Priest Rapids dams
Umatilla Snake
UCol
Distribution of mainstem* harvest
50
Chinook
Number of harvested fish
40
30
Steelhead
11
1
18
77
10
1
1
78
65
Wind
John Day
Yakima
Snake
U. Columbia
Umatilla
Tucannon
Snake
U. Columbia
20
10
0
ds BO
BO pool
TD pool
JD pool
* Downstream from Lower Granite and Priest Rapids dams
abv MN lower Snake
PIT-tagged stocks unaccounted for* in mainstem
35
Sp/Su chinook
2000
2001
2002
30
Steelhead
10
Unknown fate (%)
25
28
20
15
29
15
140
10
186
5
99
357 436
470
48
0
38
8
326
140
98
120
Wind JohnDay Yakima Snake
UCol
Umatilla Snake
UCol
* Includes fish last recorded at dams or in reservoirs downstream from L. Granite/P. Rapids
Chi-square tests for between-stock differences in unknown
Sp/Su Chinook
2000
Snake v. Yakima
Snake v. U. Columbia
Snake v. Wind
0.021 snr
2001
2002
0.048 snr
0.028 snr
0.009 col
yak (1.7%)
0.909
0.022 win
snr (6.2%)
0.223
col (12.9%)
Yakima v. U. Columbia
Yakima v. Wind
Wind v. U. Columbia
0.001 col
win (17.2%)
0.100
<0.001 win
0.981
0.531
0.218
0.867
0.057
Steelhead
Snake v. U. Columbia
Distribution of fish with unknown* fate
50
Chinook
Number of harvested fish
40
30
Steelhead
7
2
6
54
30
4
0
87
44
Wind
John Day
Yakima
Snake
U. Columbia
Umatilla
Tucannon
Snake
U. Columbia
20
10
0
ds BO
BO pool
TD pool
JD pool
* Downstream from Lower Granite and Priest Rapids dams
abv MN lower Snake
Collection gallery
Homing to L. Granite by PIT-tagged chinook with radios:
Effects of juvenile barging
PIT-tag site
n
% home
% recaptured
downstream
% stray
% mainstem
sites ds
Upstream LGr
255
83.9
10.2
0.4
5.5
LGr - Barge
201
70.1
10.9
5.0
13.9
LGr - River
182
81.9
12.9
1.1
4.9
Barge v. River
<0.001
0.726
0.030
0.003
Barge v. Upstream
<0.001
0.796
0.002
0.002
River v. > Upstream 0.880
0.533
0.378
0.801
Chi-sq
tests
Homing to L. Granite by PIT-tagged steelhead with radios:
Effects of juvenile barging
PIT-tag site
n
% home
% recaptured
downstream
% stray
% mainstem
sites ds
Upstream LGr
142
79.6
8.5
2.8
9.2
LGr - Barge
135
65.9
6.7
9.6
17.8
LGr - River
514
73.7
10.9
5.6
9.7
Barge v. River
0.072
0.145
0.652
0.009
Barge v. Upstream
0.011
0.575
0.018
0.035
River v. > Upstream 0.155
0.398
0.173
0.838
Chi-sq
tests
Conclusions: Chinook Salmon
Estimates of homing, straying, harvest and unknown fate:
Chinook
Homing
~ 81.2%
Straying
Harvest
Unknown
~ 1.9%
~ 9.2%
~ 7.8%
Homing relatively high for Yakima River, low for Wind River
Large differences in proportions of unaccounted for fish
between stocks, mostly in 2001: low harvest of summer chinook
Barged fish home at lower rates, stray at higher rates and
tended to have larger proportions with unknown fate
Conclusions: Steelhead
Estimates of homing, straying, harvest and unknown fate:
Homing
Steelhead
~ 83.9%
Straying
Harvest
Unknown
~ 6.9%
~ 11.2%
~ 10.5%
Homing generally consistent between stocks
Upper Columbia stocks harvested at higher rates than Snake
River stocks
Barged fish home at lower rates, stray at higher rates and
tended to have larger proportions with unknown fate
Methods Obj. 2. Build and install PIT detectors.
Instream PIT detectors are based on 23 mm, 12 mm and 12 mm extended read range
134 kHz ISO tags.
Components:
Open coil inductor loops composed of multi-strand wire strung through 4 in. diameter PVC pipe.
Multiple loops can be combined to cover stream widths.
Largest units tested to date were 6 x 2 m.
Multiplexor.
Portable computer
Power supply
Weatherproof housing
Face view
Side view
Water level
Flow