Transcript Institutional Arrangements and Organizational Structures Session 1 World Bank Institute Katherine Kelman Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems.

Institutional Arrangements and
Organizational Structures
Session 1
World Bank Institute
Katherine Kelman
Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework
National Disaster Management Systems
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How are National Disaster Management
Systems Organized?
 Maintain formal and informal interaction between
institutions, financial mechanisms, regulations and
policies
 Engage senior government policymakers AND
accommodating and supporting local decision-making
and private market initiatives
 Balance centralized (“top-down”) and decentralized
(“bottom-up”) approaches
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National Disaster Management Systems
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How are National Disaster Management
Systems Organized? cont’d.
 Address both the ex ante (pre-disaster) and ex post
(post-disaster) phases of the risk management cycle

However, they demand distinct technical and administrative
approaches.
 Tailor organization to the nature of federal or
intergovernmental relations within the country.
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National governments usually play a major role in risk
identification, risk transfer, and rehabilitation and
reconstruction.
Local governments, often with the help of NGOs, are
involved in risk mitigation, preparedness and emergency
response.
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National Disaster Management Systems
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Building and Strengthening National Systems
for Disaster Prevention and Response
 An integrated, cross-sectoral network of institutions
addressing all the phases of risk reduction and
disaster recovery requires:
Policy and planning
 Reform of legal and regulatory frameworks
 Coordination mechanisms
 Strengthening of participating institutions
 National action plans for mitigation policies, and institutional
development.

 The organizational approach is also important:
 Reactive vs. proactive approach to risk management.
 Powers and responsibilities concentrated in center vs.
hierarchically distributed.
 Interaction between the levels coercive vs. cooperative.
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National Disaster Management Systems
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Designing Effective National Disaster
Management Systems
 Have an explicit national disaster strategy that is
integrated into other national policies, such as:

Environmental, poverty, development
 Integrate key players in the national disaster
management process, such as:
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Finance ministry, local community leaders, NGOs,
and private market actors
 Make provisions to ensure sufficient resources for key
players to carry out their responsibilities, such as:
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Continual risk assessment
Country-wide risk transfer
Mutual aid agreements with other levels of government
Extended partnerships
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National Disaster Management Systems
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Philippines - Elements of An Effective
Response Operation
COMMAND AND
CONTROL
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
DAMAGE AND
NEEDS
ASSESSMENT
SEARCH AND
RESCUE
FIRE
SUPPRESSION
EMERGENCY
MEDICAL
SERVICES
EVACUATION
AND RELIEF
VOLUNTEER RESPONSE GROUPS / AUXILLIARIES
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National Disaster Management Systems
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Typical Organizational Structure
C A B IN E T
N a tio n a l
D is a s te r
C o u n c il
In te r n a tio n a l
A s s is ta n c e
N a tio n a l D is a s te r
M a n a g e m e n t O ffic e
PREPAREDNESS /
M IT IG A T IO N
RESPONSE
O p e r a tio n s C o n tr o l
G ro u p
RECOVERY
T e c h n ic a l A d v is o r y
T eam
N a tio n a l E m e r g e n c y
O p e r a tio n s C e n te r
G o v e rn m e n t
D e p a r tm e n ts / N G O s
P r o v in c ia l D is a s te r
C o m m itte e s
G o v e rn m e n t
D e p a r tm e n ts / N G O s
P r o v in c ia l D is a s te r
C o m m itte e s
Local
G o v e rn m e n t
C o m m itte e s
C O M M U N IT IE S
G o v e rn m e n t
D e p a r tm e n ts / N G O s
D IS A S T E R A R E A S
P r o v in c ia l
D is a s te r
C o m m itte e s
Local
G o v e rn m e n t
C o m m itte e s
RECOVERY
PROGRAMS
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National Disaster Management Systems
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Country Approaches to Disaster
Management Systems
 Risk management receives the attention of those
responsible for long-term economic planning and is
integrated into the planning process when:
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Disasters are considered as part of the development process
 Ineffective systems fail to develop long-term
sustainable support for members’ activities
 Successful systems take advantage of the existing
government structures and involve:
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National, provincial, local, and community government
Ministries and other institutions
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Incorporating Key Players Is Important
 Finance ministries
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Help ensure funding for the institutional framework;
Facilitate incorporation of disaster management into
development policy;
Provide incentives for financing mitigation projects.
 Communities
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Local communities provide impetus for national disaster
management when political motivation flags;
Local level feedback is important in the disaster management
process.
 International aid and financial institutions
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Policies and the incentives they create for countries can make
or break the establishment of national disaster risk programs.
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Incorporating Key Players, cont’d.
 Private sector risk transfer providers
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Provide individuals and communities with a range of
options for transferring disaster risk ex-ante through
insurance, catastrophe hedges, etc.
Create incentives for mitigation and prevention
Can team up with governments to devise affordable
insurance schemes
 Military

Traditionally in control of civil defense
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National Disaster Management Systems
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Philippines: National Disaster Coordinating
Councils ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK
NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL
17 REGIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
79 PROVINCIAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
113 CITY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
1,496 MUNICIPAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
41,956 BARANGAY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
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Becoming Integrated into Policies
and National Systems
 Requires political will
 Requires a constituency beyond disaster specialists
 Needs to reflect the preferences of the population, such
as when legislated through a participatory process
 Needs to reflect correctly assessed risks through
cooperation with researchers
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National Disaster Management Systems
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