Transcript Tax collector scene from Whiskey Rebellion

Chapter 6
Section 1
Objectives:
Identify the first steps taken by the Washington
Administration
Understand how George Washington established
precedents for other presidents to follow
QUIZ
1. Who was the first secretary of the Treasury
Department?
2. What is the nickname for the advisors to the
president?
3. What is the name of the law that organized and
detailed the roles and functions of the federal
courts?
4. The tax passed on whiskey is called an _____ tax.
5. The tax on imports from Europe was called a
protective _______________.
QUIZ
1. Who was the first secretary of the State
Department?
2. Washington’s first secretary of the War
Department?
3. The tax passed on whiskey is called an _____ tax.
What were the names of the two men frequently in
conflict in the Washington administration?
4.
5.
Signing of the Constitution of the United States by Thomas Pritchard Rossiter, 1867
Signing of the Constitution of the United States by Thomas Pritchard Rossiter, 1867
In 1867, Thomas Pritchard Rossiter painted his Signing of the Constitution of the United States,
honoring a group of statesmen that included James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and George
Washington, who presided over the Constitutional Convention. Thomas Jefferson, absent
because of his duties as ambassador to France, referred to the fifty-five delegates who crafted
the Constitution as a gathering of "demigods." (Fraunces Tavern Museum)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
WASHINGTON LEADS
• First President, ever
• No models to follow
• Constitution is more of a
limiting document.
It is meant to prevent
Washington, and his
successors, from becoming
tyrants.
It does not guide Washington or
the first Congress in how to
run the day to day business of
government.
Washington Taking the Oath
Washington Taking the Oath
George Washington was the most admired
man in eighteenth-century America. Even
before the Constitution was ratified, his name
was widely proposed for the presidency. "Of
all Men you are best fitted to fill that Office,"
wrote one friend, and indeed, Washington was
unanimously elected to serve as the first
president of the United States. Along the
route from his home at Mount Vernon,
Virginia, to his inauguration at New York
City, Washington was greeted by cheering
crowds, bands, and parades. Barges,
decorated in patriotic themes, accompanied
him as he crossed the Hudson River. In this
painting, the artist captures the enthusiasm
and patriotism of the crowd that has gathered
to see the general take the oath of office.
(Library of Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
Judiciary Act of 1789
The Constitution did not provide for a federal
judiciary. It only stated that there should be
a Supreme Court.
Congress had to decide how many judges
there would be, how long they would serve,
and how they would be appointed.
This Act was one of the first tests of the
system of Checks and Balances.
WHY?
John Marshall by Charles B.J. Fevret De St. Memin, crayon, 1801
John Marshall by Charles B.J. Fevret
De St. Memin, crayon, 1801
John Marshall (1755–1835) was chief
justice of the United States from 1801–
1835. He posed for this portrait by the
French artist Charles Balthazar Julien
Fevret de Saint-Memin in 1801, the year
he joined the Court. The artist captured
the power and strength with which
Marshall would dominate the Court.
(Duke University Archives)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
Washington begins his cabinet with 3 departments:
Alexander
Hamilton
Secretary
of Treasury
Thomas
Jefferson
Secretary
of State
Henry
Knox
Secretary
of War
6.1 ORGANIZER
FEDERALISTS VS. REPUBLICANS
Leaders
Beliefs
Goals
HAMILTON VS. JEFFERSON
• FEDERALIST
• STRONG GOVT
• ELITIST/ARISTOCRAT
• COMMERCIAL/
BUSINESS FOCUS
• FAVORS CREDITORS
• WANTS A NATIONAL
BANK
• ANTIFEDERALIST
• STRONG STATE GOVT
• POPULIST/PLAIN
PEOPLE
• FARMER/CITIZEN IDEAL
• FAVORS DEBTORS
• OPPOSES NATIONAL
BANK
DEBT AND BANK CONTROVERSY
PRO
CON
• Hamilton
• Govt. will assume debt from
war
• Northern states war costs
benefited all states, should be
paid by all
• Creditors will be paid
• Foreign govts. and veterans
will be paid
• Broad interpretation of
Constitution
• Jefferson
• Southern states already paid
debt
• Natl. Bank is unhealthy for
republic
• Favors few creditors at expense
of all
• Bank is Unconstitutional
• Narrow interpretation of
Constitution
COMPROMISE: MOVE THE NATION’S CAPITAL FROM
NEW YORK CITY TO A SOUTHERN LOCATION.
VIRGINIA BACKS THE PLAN, DEADLOCK RESOLVED,
D.C. is BORN
Foreign Debt
$11,710,000
Federal Domestic Debt
$42,414,000
State Debt
$21,500,000
Misc.
Revenue
Excise
Revenue
(Whiskey, etc.)
Customs
Duties VOCAB!!!
(Tariffs)
Hamilton’s Financial Structure Supported by Revenues
Congressional Pugilists, 1798
Congressional Pugilists, 1798
A cartoonist satirizes the fiercely partisan debates in Congress surrounding the Alien
and Sedition Acts. (Library of Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Tax collector scene from Whiskey Rebellion
Tax collector scene from Whiskey Rebellion
In 1794, the new federal government passed an excise tax on whiskey made from
surplus American grains. Farmers in western Pennsylvania rose up in protest
against what they considered an unfair assault on their livelihood. Using tactics
straight out of the pre-Revolutionary War era, including tarring and feathering the
"revenooer" assigned to collect the taxes, the "Whiskey Rebels" challenged the
federal government's authority. President Washington met this challenge by
assembling an army of almost 13,000 men to put down the Whiskey Rebellion.
Critics declared the president's response excessive. Do you agree? (Library of
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Congress)
WHISKEY REBELLION
KEY IDEA:
Hamilton saw the Whiskey Rebellion as an
opportunity to show the Federal
Governments ability to resolve domestic
problems and assert the new government’s
authority.
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