Transcript San Diego County imports ~80% of its water supply

World Resources Simulation Center
September 22, 2010
City of San Diego’s
Water and Energy Nexus
George J. Adrian, PE
Public Utilities Department
Long-Range Planning & Water Resources Division
Sources of San Diego’s Water Supply
LAKE
SHASTA
LAKE
OROVILLE
State Water Project
(Bay-Delta)
30%
San Diego County
imports ~80% of its
water supply
Colorado River
50%
Local Supplies
and Conservation
20%
2
San Diego Water System
•
1.3 million people
•
404 Square Miles
•
Avg. Daily Consumption more
than 200 MGD
•
9 Raw Water Reservoirs
•
3 Water Treatment Plants
•
More than 3,000 Miles of
Pipelines
•
27 Distribution
Reservoirs/Standpipes
•
50 Pump Stations
•
More than 110 Pressure Zones
3
San Diego Keeps Growing
By 2030 San Diego may need 11% more water
2030: 275,925
acre-feet per year
2007: 248,000
acre-feet per year
Water Supply Portfolio
Recycled Water
3%
Local Surface Water
3%
Conservation
15%
Imported
79%
FY 2010 Actuals
Source: City of SD Public Utilities Department 8/16/10
Carbon Footprint by Water Source
4500
4500
4000
4000
3500
3500
3000
3000
kWh/AF
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
0
Colorado
River
Aqueduct
State
Water
Project
Groundwater
Source: Pacific Institute analysis regarding SDCWA data
Recycled
Water
Seawater
Desal
Brackish
OCWD
Groundwater Groundwater
Desal
Replenishment
Project
6
Source of OCWD GW Replenishment: City of San Diego
Adaptation: Local Water Supplies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Water Conservation
Local Runoff - Reservoirs
Recycled Water
Brackish Groundwater Desalination
Groundwater Conjunctive Use
Seawater Desalination (San Diego Region)
On-site alternatives:
– Graywater
– Stormwater capture
7
Electricity Demand in State of California
19% of electricity in California is water related
Agricultural
3%
Residential
5%
3%
Commercial
3%
4%
1%
Industrial
Water Supply and
Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
81%
Balance
Gigawatt Hours (GWH)
Refining Estimates of Water Related Energy Use In California, CEC, December 2006
8
Estimated Energy Intensity of Water in
San Diego County
• Relationship of water to energy, broken down
END USE
30%
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
WATER
TREATMENT
DISTRIBUTION
5%
1%
8%
Energy Down the Drain, NRDC, August 2004
56%
SOURCES AND
CONVEYANCE
9
Refining Estimates of Water Related Energy
Use In California
Indoor uses
Water Supply &
Conveyance
Outdoor uses
Northern
California
Southern
California
Northern
California
Southern
California
kWh/MG
kWh/MG
kWh/MG
kWh/MG
2,117
9,727
2,117
9,727
111
111
111
111
Water Distribution
Wastewater
Treatment
1,272
1,272
1,272
1,272
1,911
1,911
0
0
Regional Total
5,411
13,022
3,500
11,111
Water Treatment
CEC, December 2006
10
Residential water energy use
Residential Water %
Use
Water Use
Toilet
Dishwasher
Energy for
Heating
(kWh/AF)
24
Energy in Distribution,
Energy Use %
Treatment, wastewater
Total
Water-Energy
treatment, and Conveyance , (kWh/AF) Use
(kWh/AF)
0
3,239
3,239
5
2
36,867
3,239
40,106
5
ClothsWasher
14
36,867
3,239
40,106
34
Shower
21
36,867
3,239
40,106
51
Landscape
40
0
2,424
2,424
5
100%
82%
12%
100%
100%
% Annual WaterEnergy Use
The interaction of water and energy In California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, June 12, 2008
11
Interaction of Water and Energy
Desalinization
Shasta (storage)
The interaction of water and energy In California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, June 12, 2008
12
Visualizing Sustainability
• Acceptable Uses for Water
– Establishing priorities
• Residential
• Agricultural
• Business
– tourism
• Recreation
• Change in User Behavior Patterns
– Adjust expectations for uses and quantity of
water to correspond to priorities
– Provide feedback, show visual link to water use
and economic health
13
Challenges to the City
• Efficient /effective use of water
– Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR)
– Recycled water
– Stormwater
Rainwater harvesting
– Graywater
• Changing public perception of water, its
value and real cost
• Using less water or using the water you
have more efficiently
– Conservation
– Alternative landscaping
• Edible gardens…..minimal lawns
14
What’s at Stake?
• Water shortages or rationing
• Creation of unsustainable
systems, leading to water and
other shortages for future
generations.
• Quality of life
– Economy?
– Food diversity and security?
• Energy brownouts.
15
Possible Breakthrough’s
• Sustainable systems and the relationship
between water and energy and earth
systems (greenhouse gases)
– Multiple (hence efficient) use of water
for our needs
• Recycled water
– Advanced treated water
• Graywater use
– Recovery of water (hence energy) for
other uses.
• Rainwater capture
• Re-landscape (contours to capture water) Stormwater diversions
– Retail market that primarily supports
water efficient plants
16
Thank You
George J. Adrian , PE
San Diego Public Utilities Department
[email protected]
17
300000
0
Reduced Water
Demand
Demand
(AF)
1000
150000
800
100000
600
400
50000
200
Fiscal Year
18
0
Population x
1000
250000
1970
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2007
2008
Water Demand in Acre-feet
San Diego is Conserving
1600
1400
1200
200000