Transcript Anesthesia 1000 years ago

ANESTHESIA AT THE YEAR 1001
ADNAN ABDALLAH ALMAZROOA
ANESTHESIA DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
KING ABDALAZIZ UNIVERSITY
Anesthesia AT 1001
 1.
Pain relief
 2.
Anesthesia
 3.
Resuscitation
1. Pain relief
 Graeco
Roman era
 Islamic
era
Graeco Roman era
 Celsus
1st century Opium and
mandrake.
 Galen
2nd century consider it as a
dangerous drug used only in colics
and very severe pain.
 Paulus
7th century didn’t use it in
the trochisks acting as anodynes
Graeco Roman era

The state of intillctual stagnation prevailed in
Europe in the middle ages , together with the
theological doctrine that pain serves God’s
purpose and must not be alleviated, it militated
against the improvement in methods of narcosis.
There was no standardization of these drugs or
regulation of their dosage.
Cumston, Campbell, Nuland, Bickers and Desnos
Islamic Era
Ibn Sina , Al Razi, Al Bagdady and IbnElkuff
paid great importance to the Physiology of
pain and its management
– underlying cause
– analgesics
Islamic Era
 Anaesthetic
analgesics.
were considered one of
*wide range of medical plants
*ice or ice cold water
Islamic Era
Opium the most powerful
Mandrake
Papaveris
Henbane
Hyocyamus
Hemlock
Solanum
Wild lettuce only for insomnia
Islamic Era
 Pharmacology
of Narcotics
– Mode of action
– Potency
– Uses
– Forms
Pharmacology of Narcotics

Mode of fraudes

Active ingredients

Specific action

Action on different system

Dose-toxic dose

Antidote
Islamic Era
 The
Muslims were given the credit
for developing the science of Botany,
and Ibn El Bitar’s book Al Gami Al
Kabir is the most original among the
Arabic Materia Medica.
Dickinson 1875, Cumston 1968 & Margotta 1968
Islamic Era
“ The medicinal substances found in
Dioscorides in its scientific form is an
Islamic creation”
(Cumston 1968)
II . Anaesthesia

AL-Hawi fit-tibb
Al-Razi

AL-Qanon fit-tibb
Ibn Sina

AL-Tasrif
Albucasis

AL-Mukhtarat fit-tibb
AL-Bagdadi

AL-Omda Fil AL-Jiraha
IbnEL-Quff

AL-Tayseer
Ibn Zuhr
II . Anaesthesia

Documantation of the use of
ALMURQUID

Anesthesia techniques

Anesthesia personnel

Monitoring
Documentation of the use of
ALMURQUID
 WAFAITULAIAN
 ALBIDAIA
WALNIHAIA
 DICTIONARIES
 SAYED
ALKHATER
Al-Murquid
Literally, Al-Murquid in Arabic means:
“drug that induces deep sleep”
BHANJ
TANWIM
Anaesthesia techniques
Al-Murquid

INGESTION

RECTAL

INHALATION
Anaesthesia techniques
 Ingestion
of the Infusion…
Solanum
Canabis
Opium
Mandrake
Anaesthesia techniques
 Rectally
on a plug changed hourly…
Canabis
Opium
Mandrake
Anaesthesia techniques
 Inhalation
– Odourants of powder of
Opium,camphor,roses seeds &mandrake
 Spongia
Somnifera
Opium,mandrake & black poppy
Ellis 1946
Anaesthesia techniques

Precisely determined
– Required dose
– Anesthesia duration
 One
mithkal of Mandrake 3-4 hrs
Ibn Sina
Anaesthesia personnel
–ALTABAAEI
(THE PHYSICIAN)
–ALJARAAEHI
(THE SURGEON)
THE ANAESTHESIOLOGIST
IbnEL-Quff
MONITORING
ALTABAAEI’S finger should be on the
pulse while ALJARAAEHI is performing
the surgery.
Intra-operative monitoring by palpation.
III- Resuscitation

Resuscitation team

Upper airway obstruction

Tracheotomy

Use of bellows

Nutrition
Resuscitation
 Resuscitation
team
– ALTABAAEI (THE PHYSICIAN)
– ALJARAAEHI (THE SURGEON)
– Have been called to resuscitate war
trauma case
Osama Ibn AL-Munquiz
Resuscitation

Management of upper airway obstruction
according to Ibn Sina :
1st
clearing the secretion
2nd tube to assist breathing
3rd tracheotomy
Brendt & Georig
Management of upper airway obstruction
 In
management of suffocation
– First
Ibn Sina tried coservative meassures
including clearing of secretion using
a wicker stick covered with a piece
of cotton wool
Management of upper airway obstruction
In management of suffocation
- Second
Introduction of a gold or silver tube to the
throat to assist breathing
- Third
Tracheotomy
Tracheotomy
Aretaeus 2nd century
Aurelinus 4th century didn’t approve
Paulus
7th century only described
Al-Razi
9th century
Ibn Sina 10th century
case report
spoke favourably
Tracheotomy
Al-Zahrawy 11th century reported succesful
management of suicidal cut wound of
trachea & concluded it is not dangerous
Ibn Zuhr 12th century detail of animal
experiment of performing tracheotomy on
Goat that completely recovered
Ibn ElQuff &Al-Bagdadi no reservation
,considered as mode of managing upper
a-w obstruction
Resuscitation
Respiratory resuscitation using bellows

Salih Ibn Bahla reported a case of a
patient who was pronounced dead , but
later on was successfully resuscitated by
insufflating air and soap root powder in
his nose.
Nutrition
 Entral
feeding
– Oraly via silver or tin tube gently
introduced to the throat
– Rectaly using goat bladder
Ibn Zuhr
Thank
you
