Ibn Battuta - Rockford Iqra School
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Biology in the Muslim World
Biologists and Scientists
Table of Content
Pg3-Pg7……………………………Ibn Battuta
Pg8-Pg13………………………….Mohammed Samir Hossain
Pg14-Pg19………………………..Avicenna
Pg20-Pg25………………………..Ahmed Ibn Salh al-Balkhi
Ibn Battuta
Born: February 25, 1304 A.D
Died: 1377 A.D
About Ibn Battuta
Travelled through Algiers, Tunis, Egypt, Palestine and Syria to Makkah
One of the most remarkable travelers of all time
Early life
Shortened his name to Ibn Battuta from Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abdullah
Al Lawati Al Tanji Ibn Battuta.
A trained judge
Travels
In nearly 30 years on the road, Ibn Battuta traversed North Africa, Egypt, and
the Swahili coast; reached Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula, passing through
Palestine and Greater Syria en route; swung through Anatolia and Persia to
Afghanistan; crossed the Himalayas to India, then Sri Lanka and the Maldives;
and reached the eastern coast of China
Later decided to cross the Sahara
At Life's’ End
Spent most of life discovering land and religion
Published work in Court of Cairo
Died in 1377 A.D in Morocco
Mohammad Samir
Hossain
About Him
Born November 28, 1976
Still living (Alhamdulillah)
Education and Career
Studied at Ideal School and College in Dhaka
Studied psychology in Jon Hopkins Medical School, Harvard Medical School and
Yale University
Accomplishments
Wrote two books
Quest for a New Death
Human Immortality
Hossain’s Contributions
Teaches at The Medical College for Women and Hospital
Works at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Theory
Death and Adjustment Hypotheses is his most noteworthy theory in the death
and anxiety research
Facing the Finality was also a theory published as an article
Avicenna
Born: August 980 A.D
Died: June 1037 A.D
Noted for his contributions in the
fields of Aristotelian philosophy and
medicine.
Avicenna’s Books
He composed two books
Kitab-as-shifa’ and Al-qanun fi al-tibb
Life and Education
Memorized Quran at age 10
Started writing career at age 21
Crossed numerous fields, including mathematics, geometry, astronomy,
physics, metaphysics, philology, music, and poetry
Influence in Philosophy and Science
Was described by Edward G. Browne as “more philosophical than medical”
and vice versa by al-Rāzī .
Science equated with wisdom
Knowledge “instrumental to philosophy”
Late Life
Was 57 at end of life
Died while severely ill with a case of colic
Was poisoned by a slave of the King of Pontus
Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi
850-934 CE
Who was he?
Balkh
Also known as Abu Zayd alBalkhi
Born in Shamistiyan in Balkh,
Khorasan(present-day
Afghanistan)
Student of al-Kindi, who was
known as the “Philosopher of
the Arabs”
What did he do?
Founded the Balkht School of
Terrestrial Mapping
Was the first known medical
psychologist
Was the first to differentiate
neurosis and psychosis
He recognized that the body could
be healthy or unhealthy, balanced
or unbalanced
Most Notable Work
Most famous work, "Sustenance for
Body and Soul”, was the first to
successfully discuss diseases
related to both body and soul
Used the term “Tibb al-Qalb” to
describe mental medicine
Also wrote “Figure of the
Climates”
Influences
Types of Depression
His recognition that
there are different
types of depression,
and the terms he
used for them are
still used today…
Normal depression-sadness
Endogenous depression-chemical
imbalance
Clinical depression
1.
Fear and anxiety
2.
Anger and aggression
3.
Sadness and depression
4.
Obsession
Sources
"Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi." Prezi.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
<https://prezi.com/t7_n24icme4w/abu-zayd-al-balkhi/>.
"Encyclopaedia Islamica." Abū Zayd Al-Balkhī. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
<http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/abuzayd-al-balkhi-COM_0167#d472545e96>.
"Great Muslim Scientists." : Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.kufarooq9.blogspot.com/2013/11/abu-zayd-al-balkhi.html>.
"Balkhi, Abu Zayd (235H/ 849CE-322H/934CE) أبوزيد ال
بل
خي." Islamic Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
<http://islamicencyclopedia.org/public/index/topicDetail/id/196/page/4>.
Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
936-1036 CE
Who was he?
Also known as Albucasis(Western
name)
Born in El-Zahra near Cordoba,
Andalusia
Considered the greatest medieval
surgeon from the Islamic World
Thought of as the father of modern
surgery
Contributions to Science and Medicine
1.
2.
Wrote Kitab al-Tasrif, a 30 chapter
book consisting of various medical
topics
translated into Latin and used for
five centuries as a reference in
Europe
Wrote about what became
“Kocher’s method” when dealing
with a dislocated shoulder
3.
Explained the hereditary nature of
hemophilia
4.
Described migraine surgery
Documented several dental
instruments
Introduced over 200 surgical
instruments
Wrote “ On Surgery and
Instruments” which told which
instrument to use in each surgery
Source:
www.muslimheritage.com/article/abu
-al-qasim-al-zahrawi-great-surgeon
Source: www.muslimheritage.com/article/abu-al-qasim-al-zahrawi-great-surgeon
Ali Ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
(838 AD-870 AD)
Ali Ibn Sahl Rabban al Tabari
A Muslim scholar, physician,
scientist, and philosopher.
Produced Firdous Al Hikma, one of
the first encyclopedias of
medicine.
From a Persian family but moved
to Tabaristan, the southern coasts
of Caspian Sea.
Tutored Zakariya al-Razi
His Works
1.His Firdous al-Hikmah ("Paradise
of Wisdom"). In Arabic, was a
system of medicine in seven parts.
He also translated it into Syriac.
The transformation in Firdous alHikmah has it was not edited until
the 20th cent
2.Tuhfat al-Muluk ("The King's
Present")
3.A work on the proper use of
food, drink, and medicines.
4.Hafzh al-Sihhah ("The Proper
Care of Health"), following Greek
and Indian authorities
5.Kitab al-Ruqa ("Book of Magic or
Amulets")
6.Kitab fi al-hijamah ("Treatise on
Cupping")
7.Kitab fi Tartib al-'Ardhiyah
("Treatise on the Preparation of
Food")
A Few of His Books
Source :http://www.islamicity.com/Science/Scientists/Al-Tabari.shtml
Averroes
Philosopher and Phycologist
(1126-1198)
About Averroes
Born in 1126 in Cordoba, Spain.
Studied Islamic Theology,
Mathematics, Philosophy, Medicine,
Astronomy, and Physics.
Throughout his life he wrote
extensively on Philosophy and
Religion, attributes of God, origin of
the universe, Metaphysics and
Psychology.
Contributions
His works spread over 20,000 pages covering a variety of different
subjects such as early Islamic philosophy, logic in Islamic philosophy,
Islamic medicine, mathematics, astronomy, Arabic grammar, Islamic
theology, and
Averroes wrote a medical encyclopedia called Kulliyat (Colliget).
Averroes also authored three books on physics namely: Short
Commentary on the Physics, Middle Commentary on the Physics and
Long Commentary on the Physics.
Accomplishments
He wrote at least 80 original works, which included 28 works on
philosophy, 20 on medicine, 8 on law, 5 on theology, and 4 on grammar,
in addition to his commentaries on most of Aristotle's works and his
commentary on Plato's The Republic.
He wrote over 60 books in his lifetime
Influences
Aristotle
Alexander of Aphrodisias
Philoponus
Al-Farabi
Ibn Bājja
Ibn Zuhr
Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi
Persian Physician and Phycologist
(925-994 AD)
He was born in Ahvaz, Southwestern
Persia 925 AD.
He studied under Shaikh Abu Maher
Musa ibn Sayyār.
He was considered one of the three
greatest physicians of Eastern
Caliphate of his time.
He also became a physician to Emir
Adud al-Daula Fana Khusraw of
Buhaywid dynasty.
Contributions
Medical
ethics and research methodology
Neuroscience
and psychology
Psychophysiology
and psychosomatic
medicine
Contributions
to modern medicine
Accomplishments
He completed his book of Kitāb Kāmil aṣ-Ṣināʿa aṭṬibbiyya which he later called The Complete Art of
Medicine.