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Recruitmenttechniques sources, process RECRUITMENT Recruitment is the process of locating and encouraging potential applicants to apply for existing or anticipated job openings. Is the process of finding & attracting capable applicants for employment. The process begins when new recruits sought & ends when their applications are submitted. The result is a pool of applicants from which new employees are selected. •Is stimulating them to apply for jobs in the org. It makes possible to acquire the no. & types of people necessary to ensure the continued operation of the org. •It is the linking activity to bring together those with jobs & those seeking jobs. • A process to discover the sources of manpower to meet the requirements of the staffing schedule & to employ effective measures for attracting that manpower in adequate nos. to facilitate effective selection of an efficient workforce. Recruitment: matching the needs of applications and organisations In for m a tio n F low O rg a nis atio n n ee d fo r h ig h q ua lity e m plo ye e s Inte rnal A p p lic a n ts E nv ironm ent: E c on o m ic an d S oc ia l, Tec h no lo gica l an d P olitic al P otential a pp lic a n ts ’ n ee d fo r s uitab le jo b factors governing recruitment The process of recruitment is influenced by a variety of environmental factors. supply & demand unemployment rate labour mkt. Politico-social factors sons of soil image of the co. • recruitment policy recruitment •HRP • Size of the firm • cost •Growth & expansion The Factories Act, The Apprentices Act, The Employment Exchanges Act, The Contract Labour Act,Bonded Labour System Act,The Child Labour(prohibition & regulation) Act ,inter state migrant workmen (regulation of employement & conditions of service) Act RECRUITMENT PROCESS HR policy Job analysis Employee requisition To selection Job vacancies Recruitment Planning -nos. -types Strategy Development --where --how --when Searching Activation “selling” --message --media Applicant population Applicant pool Potential hires Evaluation & control Recruitment planning of applicants to be contacted Number Org.s. plan to attract more applicants than they will need Types Depends on tasks & responsibilities involved & qualification & experience expected--Available through job description & job specification Strategy Development • make or buy employees Thru trg. from within or take less qualifies & train accordingly Hire professionals / trained people • technological sophistication --- methods used in recruitment/selection --- use of computers—can scan national / international applicants • where to look—local mkt/national level/international level • How to look Methods or Sources of Recruitment internal sources external sources. Internal Present employees Promotions and transfers Job posting: It is a method of publicizing job openings on bulletin boards, electronic media and similar outlets by a company . Employee referrals: It is a kind of recommendation from a current employee regarding a job applicant. Dependents of deceased/disabled employees Former employees retrenched/ retired employee Casual/ temporary employee Advantages of a promotion-from-within policy: ◦ Capitalizes on past investments (recruiting, selecting, training, and developing) in current employees. ◦ Rewards past performance and encourages continued commitment to the organization. ◦ Signals to employees that similar efforts by them will lead to promotion. ◦ Fosters advancement of members of protected classes within an organization. 5–12 Limitations of a promotion-from-within policy: ◦ Current employees may lack the knowledge, experience or skills needed for placement in the vacant/new position. ◦ The hazards of inbreeding of ideas and attitudes (“employee cloning”) increase when no outsiders are considered for hiring. ◦ The organization has exhausted its supply of viable internal candidates and must seek additional employees in the external job market. 5–13 Labor Market ◦ Area from which applicants are to be recruited. Tight market: high employment, few available workers Loose market: low employment, many available workers Factors determining the relevant labor market: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Skills and knowledge required for a job Level of compensation offered for a job Reluctance of job seekers to relocate Ease of commuting to workplace Location of job (urban or nonurban) 5–14 External Sources -professional or trade association -placement agencies these publish trade journals/ magazines -advertisements Want ads—describe the job/ benefit/ employer Blind ad—no identification of org.s. post box no. -Employee exchange -campus recruitment -walk ins, write ins, talk ins job aspirants to meet the recruiter for detailed talks send written enquiries -consultants -contractors -displaced persons rehabilitating the displaced people is a social responsibility of business. -acquisitions & mergers when org.s combine ,they have to handle a pool of employees -competitors--rival firms can be a source of recruitment Also called poaching/raiding—identifying the rt. people in co.s. & offering them better terms & luring them away. -computer data bank -casual applicants—depending upon the image of the org, candidates hand over applications or just send an e-mail -trade unions TU leaders being close to mgmt. meet them People come & -scouting sending representative of the org.s to various sources to stimulate them to apply . Representatives provide information about the co. etc --e-recruitment --body shopping—hi-tech training institutes dev. their pool of HR . Employers contact them or they themselves contact the employers.Mostly for computer professionals.They get commission in return. 5–19 Calculate Yield Ratios Training Recruiters External Recruitment Realistic Job Previews 5–20 Yield Ratio ◦ Percentage of applicants from a recruitment source that make it to the next stage of the selection process. 100 resumes received, 50 found acceptable = 50% yield. Cost of Recruitment (per employee hired) SC AC AF RB NC H H SC AC AF RB NC H = source cost = advertising costs, total monthly expenditure (example: Rs28,000) = agency fees, total for the month (example: Rs19,000) = referral bonuses, total paid (example: Rs2,300) = no-cost hires, walk-ins, nonprofit agencies, etc. (example: Rs0) = total hires (example: 119) Cost to hire one employee = Rs.414 5–21 Sources of Organizational Recruiters ◦ Professional HR recruiters ◦ HR generalists ◦ Work team members Requirements for Effective Recruiters ◦ Knowledge of the recruited job’s requirements and of the organization ◦ Training as an interviewer ◦ Personable and competent to represent the organization 5–22 Realistic Job Previews (RJP) ◦ Informing applicants about all aspects of the job, including both its desirable and undesirable facets. ◦ Positive benefits of RJP Improved employee job satisfaction Reduced voluntary turnover Enhanced communication through honesty and openness Realistic job expectations 5–23 Human Resources Information Systems (HRIS) ◦ Database systems containing the records and qualifications of each employee that can be accessed to identify and screen candidates for an internal job opening. Job Posting ◦ Posting vacancy notices and maintaining lists of employees looking for upgraded positions. 5–24 1. It takes a long time to fill key positions 2. Key positions can be filled only by hiring from the outside. 3. Vacancies in key positions cannot be filled with confidence in the abilities of those chosen for them. 4. Replacements for positions often are unsuccessful in performing their new duties. 5. Promotions are made on the basis of favoritism, or nepotism. 5–25 When to look How much in advance SEARCHING source activation selling Source activation—issuance of employee requisition No actual recruiting takes place until line mgrs. have verified that a vacancy does exist or will exist. Selling– communicating thru Message--advertisement Media—employment exchange, advertisements in business magazines SCREENING (some consider it under selection but selection starts after applications are scrutinized & short listed) Purpose is to remove those applications that are unqualified Reference checks Evaluation & control—It includes Time lapse data: they show the time lag between the date of requisition for manpower supply from a department to the actual date of filling the vacancies in that department Surveys and studies: they could be carried out to find out the suitability of a particular source for certain positions. Comments on image projected cost return rate of applications • No. of initial inquiries • No. of candidates at various stages • No. of candidates recruited • No. retained after six months Evaluation & control necessary as it involves cost • cost of advertisement • salaries of recruiters • time spent • overtime Methods means by which org. establishes contact with potential candidates ,provides them necessary information & encourages them to apply for jobs Sources—locations where prospective employees are available Methods– ways of establishing links with the prospective employees. DIRECT METHODS Scouting employee contacts, waiting lists manned exhibits (sending recruiters to seminars ,conventions, fairs , using mobile offices) Campus recruitment INDIRECT METHODS Newspaper advertisements television and radio advertisements, in journals, magazines, brochures Third party methods –agencies used to recruit HR Private employment search firms Employment exchanges Gate hiring and contractors Unsolicited applicants/walk-ins Internet recruiting Friends & relatives of existing staff Trade unions Alternatives to recruiting Overtime Temporary employees Employee leasing: Hiring permanent employees of another company who possess certain specialised skills on lease basis to meet short-term requirements Outsourcing:. Many businesses have started looking at outsourcing activities relating to recruitment, training, payroll processing, surveys, benchmark studies, statutory compliance etc., more closely, because they do not have the time or expertise to deal with the situation. HR heads are no longer keeping activities like resume management and candidate sourcing in their daily scrutiny. This function is more commonly outsourced when firms are in seasonal business and have cyclical stuffing needs. Recruiters these days expect Bschool graduates to possess certain skills Skills recruiters want in India 1. Ability to work in a team 2. Analytical and problem solving skills 3. Communication and other soft skills 4. Creativity and resourcefulness 5. Leadership potential 6. General Managerial skills 7. Entrepreneurial skills