PNC Annual Conference and Joint Meetings 2013 December 11, 2013 Hall 3. Memory of Disaster

The Aceh Tsunami Mobile Museum: Archiving Disaster Experience and Knowledge

YAMAMOTO Hiroyuki (Center for Integrated Area Studies, Kyoto University)

Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004

• Aceh province • North-West of Sumatra Is.

• Area: 58,000km2 • Population: 430mil. (2003) • Indian Ocean Tsunami • December 26, 2004 • M9.1

• 165 thousand people were killed or went missing • 500 thousand people lost houses Indonesia

Mass Burial Ground

―― 遺体が見つからないまま、あるいは遺体の身 元がわからないままで犠牲者を弔う工夫

バンダアチェ近郊のランプウ地区の集団埋葬地。市内 10 か所に約 7 万 3000 体を埋葬

ランプウ地区の集団埋葬地。委託を受けた管理人によって整えられている。

バンダアチェ市内のムラクサ地区の集団埋葬地。

犠牲者 1 人 1 人の墓碑はなく、「大人の遺体」「子どもの遺体」という看板があるだけ

12 月 26 日に「大人の遺体」「子どもの遺体」の看板に向けてコーランの一節を詠む人々。

Village Graves

―― 遺体を集団埋葬地から村の墓地に埋葬しなお し、個人名のある遺体として弔おうとする

ランプウ地区の村の墓地。村が管理している。

新しい墓。遺体が埋葬され、墓碑が置かれ、木が植えられている。

新しく埋葬された墓の墓碑。どれも 2004 年 12 月 26 日に亡くなっている。

家族の遺体を再埋葬するために掘った穴（ 2007 年 8 月）

家族の遺体が見つからずに空いたままの穴（ 2007 年 12 月）

家族を埋葬するために掘った穴。まだ埋められていない。 (2008 年 12 月 )

Souvenir Shop

―― 復興住宅をみやげもの屋に改造することで、 津波で行方不明になったままの娘を弔う

津波から 2 ヵ月後のランプウ地区。住宅街だったが津波ですべて流された。

ランプウ地区の海岸近くに建てられた店「サフィラ」。左は食料品屋、右は服屋。

右側の服屋。町で買うような子ども服と大人のイスラム教徒の服が並ぶ。

「 2004 年 12 月 26 日に津波の犠牲になった私たちの一人娘サフィラ」

To Live with the Deceased

―― 生き残った人々が犠牲者のことを思いながら これからの人生をどう生きるかを表明し、人々 と共有する

ムラクサ地区の集団埋葬地のゲート

集団埋葬地のゲートにはコーランの一節がインドネシア語に訳されて書かれている

Everyone who has life We will try you With adversity and prosperity As challenges.

And only to us You shall return.

(The Prophets: 35)

命あるすべてのものたちよ 我らはお前たちを試している よいことと悪いことにより 試練として そして お前たちはいつか 我らのいるところに戻されるのだ （預言者 :35 ）

Tsunami Mobile Museum

―― 津波の痕跡・遺物を一か所に集めて博物館を 作るのではなく、社会に置いたまま変化してい く様子を記録する

● The Aceh Tsunami Mobile Museum (ATMM) database shows on a map the damage and annual change due to reconstruction and rehabilitation after the Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami of December 2004. About 165 thousand people were killed or went missing due to the disaster in the Aceh province of Indonesia, on the island of Sumatra.

● This database presents related photos and news articles from local media. It can be consulted from portable terminals such as smart phones, allowing records accessed in this way to supplement records onsite, in an attempt to make a whole town of Banda Aceh into a field museum through the use of mobile devices. ● The records available for consultation show how the reconstruction/rehabilitation process has unfolded and how the legacy of the disaster have played different roles in the everyday life of people. This database also serves to preserve experiences of the disaster can be accessed from anywhere.

Tsunami & Disaster Mitigation Research Center Map of Banda Aceh City Boat on House Mass Burial Site Thanks to the World Monument Park Aceh Tsunami Museum Tsunami Educational Park (Kapal Apung)

http://disaster.net.cias.kyoto-u.ac.jp/Aceh/

Various kinds of articles searched by date, location, category and keyword

News Paper Magazine Book Academic Essay Field Report

Documentation of the annual development of rehabilitation and reconstruction

February 2005 September 2006 December 2007 February 2005 December 2005 December 2007

Socializing and Training • Open to the public for uploading individual data(photographs, writings, movies) on damage and reconstruction/rehabilitation process

Field Training Workshop Coverage of Indonesian and Japanese Media

• • Integrating personal memories into community memories

Experience of independence struggle, economic development, rebellion/conflict and disaster and reconstruction Bridging gap between generations House of Renovation(2008) Temporary Housing(2005) Permanent Housing (2006) Writing Memoir (2011)

Disaster Information Mapping

―― オンライン情報を自動収集して地図上で表 現する仕組み。災害以外の分野にも応用可 能

● This database gathers online information in local languages to show on a map the extent of damage and rescue activity following the outbreak of a disaster in the region. In disaster situations, reports from English-language and international media are useful to grasp the overall picture of the disaster; however, these sources do not clearly convey the situation on the ground from a local perspective. This system gathers information in local language from the local media and allows speedy visualization of damage in the disaster-stricken area to support rescue activities.

● As a prototype, the system collects articles on natural disasters in Aceh and West Sumatra provinces from Indonesian online newspapers, based on relevant keywords. This database is expected to be useful for humanitarian aid efforts and to be generalizable to other investigations, for instance of social conflicts or political developments such as elections, by changing the keywords.

Disaster information Mapping System

Vernacular Information Online Information Shown on the map Emergency Response West Sumatran Earthquake in September 2009

（

24 hours after the event)

Building Platform on Disaster Information

Platform Field notes Press Repot Digital map Photo with GIS Online articles collected automatically and archived, supported by news agency available for collecting and archiving online data for other purpose such as general elections, regional conflicts etc. GPS unit GPS locator equipped camera and video camera

• Collecting online articles from Indonesian newspapers every day • Showing articles on the map • Currently available for the Aceh province and the West Sumatra province • Search result in Excel format can be downloaded

url media title Search date category location text list of articles download mapping

http://disaster.net.cias.kyoto-u.ac.jp/Indonesia/

Category by keywords Natural Disasters:

earthquake, tsunami, landslide, flood, transportation, health, communication, etc.

Social Affairs:

social conflict, election, fire, criminal, energy, etc.

Early Detection of Social Affairs and Prevention of Social Conflict

Flood Fire Criminal

Identify red area