Transcript Slide 1

Industry, Empire and
the Realist Style
Industrialism
Nationalism
Realism
Population Changes
the 19th Century the population of
Europe doubled
 Despite 60 million Europeans emigrating
 During
 US
 Canada
 South America
 Australia/New Zealand
Industrial Revolution
 1750
to 1850
 Starts in England
 Steam engine
 Textile production
 Rise
of factories
 Mass production
 Urbanization
 Rise
of corporations
England’s Industries
Coal Mining in Britain
1800
1 ton of coal
50,000 miners
1850
30 tons
200,000 miners
1880
300 million tons 500,000 miners
1914
250 million tons 1,200,000 miners
Young Coal Miners
British Pig
Iron Production
Factory Production
 Concentrates
production in one
place [materials, labor].
 Located near sources of power
[rather than labor or markets].
 Requires a lot of capital
investment [factory, machines,
etc.] more than skilled labor.
Textile Factory
Workers in England
1813
2,400 looms
150,000 workers
1833
85,000 looms
200,000 workers
1850
224,000 looms
>1 million workers
The Factory System




Rigid schedule.
12-14 hour day.
Dangerous
conditions.
Mind-numbing
monotony.
Young “Bobbin-Doffers”
Stereotype of the Factory Owner
“Upstairs/Downstairs” Life
The Power Loom
James Watt’s Steam Engine
Steam Ship
Steam Ships in the Opium War
Steam Locomotive
Impact of the Railroad
Industrial Staffordshire
Percentage of World Manufacturing
Output 1750 - 1900
Nationalism
 Unification
of Germany
 Unification of Italy
 Expansion of Russia
 Western economic control of
Africa, Latin America and Asia
Unification of Italy
Unification of Germany
Expansion of Russia
Colonialism
Political Shifts
 Democracy
 Extension of the vote to the working class
 Suffrage movement
 Socialism
 Based on work of Marx and Engels
Suffrage


Emmeline Pankhurst
Women’s Party in 1917:
 Equal pay for equal
work.
 Equal marriage &
divorce laws.
 A national system of
maternity benefits.
Representation of the
People Act (1918)


Women over 30 got
the right to vote.
All men gained
suffrage.
The Socialists:
Utopians and Marxists
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The people operate and
own the means of
production, not
individuals.
Goal - society benefits
everyone, not just the
rich.
Tried to build perfect
communities [utopias].
Realism
 Response
to the social and economic
consequences of industrialism
 Objective and un-idealized
 Socially conscious to issues of class and
gender
Crystal Palace Exhibition 1851
Crystal Palace Exhibition 1851
Crystal Palace Exhibition 1851
Paris Exposition 1889


World’s Fair
held in honor of
the French
Revolution
Centennial.
The Eiffel Tower,
completed in
1889, served as
the entrance to
the Fair.
Paris Exposition 1889
Gallery of Machinery