Transcript HARDSHIPS OF INDUSTRIAL LIFE

HARDSHIPS OF INDUSTRIAL LIFE
CHAPTER 7 - SECTION 3
THE NEW INDUSTRIAL CITY
 Urbanization - movement of people to cities
 Why?
 1) changes in farming
 2) population growth
 3) demand for workers
THE NEW INDUSTRIAL CITY
Manchester, England
 Became center of
textile industry.
 17,000 people 1750
 40,000 people 1780
 70,000 people 1801
 Coal vapor, polluted
air, stench, steam
engines

THE NEW INDUSTRIAL CITY
 Wealthy and Middle Class live in nice
neighborhoods
 Poor live in foul smelling tenements
 NO sewage, running water
 Garbage in the streets
 Disease - cholera - spread rapidly
THE FACTORY SYSTEM
Differed greatly from
farm work
 Rigid schedules
 Long hours = 12 - 16
 Accidents - no safety
device - loose fingers,
limbs
 Black Lung
 Sick = fired

THE FACTORY SYSTEM
 Employers prefer women
 Why - easier to manage, could pay them
less
 Problems = out of home 12 hours a day
 Still have to come home and cook, clean
etc.
THE FACTORY SYSTEM
 Child Labor
 Why - nimble fingered and quick
 changed spools
 Through narrow mine shafts
 Money earned helped family
 Often are orphans
THE FACTORY SYSTEM
 Soon many object.
 Parliament creates laws
 Children as young as five - dead, twisted
limbs, uneducated
THE WORKING CLASS
Skilled artisans
protest loss of jobs to
factory
 Luddites - followed
Ned Ludd (fictional)
who smashed
machines
 NO organizing,
bargaining, strikes

THE WORKING CLASS
 Methodist Church - Founded by John Wesly
 Stress personal faith, soberness
 Preached forgiven sins, hope salvation
 Sunday school - read & write SOCIAL
REFORM
THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS
Members
 Merchants - invested
profits
 Inventors - created
new technology
 Dressed and ate well
 Political

THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS
 Women
 Encouraged to become “ladies” and be
“ladylike”
 Drawing, embroidery, piano
 NO housework - maid
 Daughters taught these values
THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS
 Valued hard-work
 Determination to get ahead
 Confidence
 No sympathy for poor - their fault - lazy -
need to work your way up
BENEFITS
AND
Improved working
conditions
 Labor Unions -Can
bargain, better hours,
wages, conditions
 Many gain power to
vote
 Many jobs - more
opportunities

PROBLEMS
Low pay
 Unemployment
 Dismal living
conditions
