Transcript Journal 15 - Doral Academy Preparatory School

Rivalry in North
America
 In the 1700s, Britain and France were
leading European powers.
 They competed for wealth and empire
in different parts of the world.
 In North America, their rivalry was
very strong.
 The British began to show interest in the Ohio River valley.
 This vast land beyond the Appalachian Mountains was rich in
resources.
 The French enjoyed a thriving fur trade with the Native
Americans of the region.
Who is stronger?
 To protect their claims in the
valley, the French built a chain
of forts from Lake Ontario
south to the Ohio River.
 The British responded by
starting to build a fort in what
is now western Pennsylvania.
 Before they could finish, the
French seized the site.
 On it, they built their own fort,
calling it Fort Duquesne.
Quick! How do
you say it?:
Fort Duquesne
Doo-Kayn
 In spring 1754, the
governor of
Virginia sent a
militia - a military
force made up of
ordinary
citizens—to drive
out the French.
 Leading this force was a
young George Washington.
 After marching to Fort Duquesne, Washington set up a small fort of
his own nearby.
 He called it Fort Necessity.
 Washington's outpost soon came under attack by the French and
their Native American allies.
 This combined army won the battle and forced Washington's soldiers
to surrender.
Native American
Alliances
 As the conflict got underway, the French and the
British both sought Native American help.
 Native Americans generally distrusted the British
and their hunger for land.
 In contrast, the French were more interested in fur
trading than in land.
 French trappers and fur traders often married
Native American women.
 French missionaries converted many Native
Americans to Catholicism.
The Natives helped the French more than the British!
The Iroquois
Confederacy
 To counter the threat of the French and their Native
American friends, the British colonists tried to make a
treaty with the Iroquois.
 The Iroquois Confederacy was the most powerful group
of Native Americans in eastern North America.
 At that time, the confederacy included six nations—the
Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and
Tuscarora.
 The Iroquois refused an alliance, or partnership, with
the British.
 They did, however, promise to remain neutral.
Working Together...
 The Albany delegates also talked about
how the colonies might work together
more closely against the French.
 They decided to adopt Benjamin
Franklin's Albany Plan of Union for a
united colonial government.
It’s him
again, again!
 To form a colonial government, each
colony would have to give up some of its
powers.
 Not one colonial assembly was willing to
do so.
The Albany Plan of Union failed because
no colony was willing to give up
SOVEREIGNTY
Disappointed, Franklin wrote, "Everybody
cries, a Union is absolutely necessary; but
when they come to the manner and form of
the union, [they] are perfectly distracted."
The French in the French
and Indian War
 The French enjoyed early
success in the war.
 They captured several
British forts.
 Meanwhile, their Native
American allies carried out
raids on the frontier, or
edges, of the colonies.
 They killed colonists,
burned farmhouses and
crops, and drove many
families back toward the
coast.
The Turning
Point
 The turning point came in 1757, when
William Pitt became prime minister, the
head of the British government.
 He sent more trained British troops to
fight in North America.
 To stop colonial complaints about the
cost of the war, Pitt decided that Britain
would pay for it.
 He knew that, after the war, the British
would raise colonists' taxes to help pay
the large bill.
Why is this
important?
The British take
the lead…
 Pitt's goal was to conquer the Ohio River Valley
AND French Canada.
 In 1758 British forces won a key victory at Fort
Louisbourg, and later captured two more forts.

COOL PICTURES AND
 One of those was Fort Duquesne.
ON THE
 DRAWINGS
The British renamed it Fort Pitt.
Because
of its position,OF
Quebec
(the capital of 1759!!
BATTLE
QUEBEC
New France) was thought to be impossible to
attack.(IF THERE IS TIME!)
 That all changed in September 1759, British
troops surprised and defeated the French army
on a field called the Plains of Abraham.
 The fall of Quebec and of Montreal the next year
marked the defeat of France in North America.
The Treaty
of Paris
 The war in Europe
finally ended with the
Treaty of Paris of 1763.
 This treaty forced
France to give Canada
and most of its lands
east of the Mississippi
River to Great Britain.
 Great Britain also received Florida from France's ally, Spain.
 Spain acquired French lands west of the Mississippi River—called
Louisiana— as well as the port of New Orleans.
 The Treaty of Paris marked the end of France as a power in North
America.

In its aftermath, North America was in the hands of two European
powers—Great Britain and Spain.
The Aftermath…
Final Results
Land Gained/Lost
Natives…Life after war
 The French defeat was a blow to Native
Americans in the Ohio River Valley.
 They had lost their French allies and trading
partners and now had to deal with the British.
 The British raised the prices of their goods.
 Unlike the French, the British refused to pay
Native Americans to use their land.
 Worst of all, more colonists began settling in
Native American lands.
Pontiac’s
War
 Many Native Americans saw the
settlers as a threat to their way of
life.
 One of these was Pontiac, the chief
of an Ottawa village near Detroit.
 In 1763, Pontiac and his forces
captured the British fort at Detroit
and other British outposts.
 During Pontiac's War, Native
Americans killed settlers along the
Pennsylvania and Virginia
frontiers.
The Proclamation of 1763
 Britain's King George declared that colonists were not to
settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.
 It helped removed a source of conflict with Native
Americans.
 It also kept colonists on the coast—where the British
could control them.
 Colonists believed the proclamation limited their
freedom of movement.
 They feared that the large number of British troops
might interfere with their liberties.
 As a result, distrust began to grow between Britain and its
American colonies.
On our way to a
revolution…
 Britain's financial problems also led to trouble.
 Deeply in debt as a result of the war with France,
the British government made plans to tax the
colonies and tighten trade rules.
 These efforts would lead to conflict—and eventually
revolution.
Picture Notes
Kinda like brainstorming but with pictures!!
1. Draw pictures of things that cue your mind to remember the concepts you want to
learn. The final product will look crazy to people who didn’t create it but it will
serve as the perfect/visual mental cue for the people who created it.
2. Sometimes there’s an or sequence to the pictures, sometimes not. It depends on
your creativity.
3. Get your concepts directly from your notes. Not all points will be used.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Main Idea
5.
8.
7.
6.
Visual Notes
Kinda like brainstorming but with
pictures!!
Tips & Tricks:
1. Think improvisation, NOT PERFECTION. This type of note taking, also called
“Sketchnoting, isn’t illlustration, it’s content driven doodling.
2. Don’t worry about EVERY DETAIL….leave the small stuff out. Just put the
main things in that will trigger your brain to remember the concept you need to
learn. This will be especially helpful as your group stands up in front of the
class to explain their picture notes illustrations.
3. Strive to use symbols and icons to symbolize worded concepts.
4. Don’t worry about coloring the Visual Notes until starting the final copy on
Day Two.
Visual Notes
Website for this pic for clearer view
Various Examples of Visual Notes, also known as Sketchnoting
Group Instructions:
1. Each group will be assigned a concept to create Visual Notes on.
2. Day One: Your goal as a group is to have at least a plan of what your drawing
is going to look like. Rough draft or diagram with words explaining layout of
ideas.
3. Day Two: Finish product should be colored and ready to present.
4. Each group will stand up and explain all the concepts on their Picture notes
Group One:
Rivalry Between the French and British
Group Two:
Native American Alliances
Group Three:
Attempts for Alliances Between the States
Group Four:
The French and Indian War
Group Five:
New British Policies
Group Six:
New British Policies
Important points that need to be in your Visual Notes:
Rivalry Between the French and British
•Relationship between French/British and Native Americans
•Ohio River Valley
•George Washington and his militia from Virginia
•Fort Necessity /Fort Duquesne
Native American Alliances
•French & British seek alliances with Native Americans
•French good social/business relations with Native Americans
•Native American distrust of the land hungry British
•Iroquois Confederacy
Attempts for Alliances Between the States
•The Colonies Delegates at the Albany meeting of the colonies.
•Benjamin Franklin
•“Unite or Die” picture
•Albany Plan of Union
The French and Indian War
•Early Successes for French & Native Americans
•William Pitt
•Economic and Military changes by Pitt to increase British successes in the war.
•Battle for Quebec 1759
•Treaty of Paris and its geo-political effects in the Americas and the Rest of the World
New British Policies
•Changes in the Relationship between the British Colonialists and Native Americans
•Native American Chief Pontiac and his battles against colonial settlements
•King George and the Proclamation of 1763
•Tensions between Native Americans go down…
•Tensions between Colonists and British Politicians and soldiers go up
A total of 10 points is needed for an A in the assignment.
A total of 12 points is possible for groups that go above and beyond the call of duty.
Element
At least 4 Important Points Included
In Visual Notes:
Illustrations with colors used to
Demonstrate each concept
Organized Presentation with clear
sequence and order
BONUS POINTS
Possible Points
4
4
2
2
Points Awarded