Transcript The French & Indian War

The French & Indian War
US History
Remember, The French were exploring the North American
interior while the English were settling the eastern coast.
What led to the War?
Fur Trade
 Competition between
native tribes, French,
and British
Alliances with Native
American Tribes
Conflict over the Ohio
River Valley
The French & Indian War
(1754-1763)
The French and Indian War was final war that would decide who would
control the northern and eastern parts of North America.
The British begin moving
into the Ohio River Valley
(around the 1750’s)
The French and their
Native American allies
became alarmed.
The French pushed out British traders when they destroyed a village and
trading post in the area.
The War Begins…
A dispute over land
French Fur traders
wanted the land, but
The Virginia Colony also
claimed it.
The lieutenant governor of Virginia sent soldiers to
tell the French to leave.
They were led by…
George Washington
The British were instructed to build a fort, but the French took over it and it
became Fort Duquesne
War Begins
Washington’s men
then built Fort
Necessity.
The French attacked and Washington was allowed to march back
to Virginia.
The war became part of the
Seven Years War
British representatives and members of the Iroquois nations were meeting in
Albany, NY
Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany
It was the first proposal
to unite the colonies.
(Each colony would send
representative to a grand
council)
Plan of Union.
But, colonial legislatures voted
against it. They did not want to
give up control of their own affairs.
British Send Forces
Couldn’t rely solely on the colonists to fund the troops.
Sent General Edward Braddock
Marched toward Fort
Duquesne with George
Washington and over
2,000 men
Braddock’s forces were met with an ambush by less than 900 French.
• Washington suggested break formation and shoot from behind
trees, but Braddock refused.
The British were defeated and 1,000 men killed.
The British, determined to win, sent their best generals and borrowed money to
pay for the war.
By 1759, The British began to attack New France’s capital, Quebec.
• 4000 men climbed through cliffs overnight
• When the French awoke, the British were lined up ready to attack
After a short, fierce battle, Quebec surrendered to the British.
The Battle of
Quebec
*Turning Point in the
War for the British
The next year, Montreal fell and all of Canada was in British
hands
The Treaty of Paris
Ended the war in 1763
The treaty ended French power in
North America
Britain claimed all North America
east of the Mississippi River.
Spain received New Orleans and
Louisiana, the territory west of the
Mississippi.
How did Britain Get Florida?
Cuba and the Philippines exchanged to Spain for Florida
Pontiac’s Rebellion
 As the French withdrew, the British took their forts.
 The Natives did not give up so easily.
 Natives responded by attacking settlers and
destroying forts along the Appalachians, known as
Pontiac’s Rebellion.
 The British responded with their own viciousness killing even natives
that didn’t attack
“Could it not be contrived to send the Small Pox among those
disaffected [angry] tribes of Indians? We must on this occasion use
every stratagem in our power to reduce them.”
-Major General Jeffrey Amherst, quoted in The Conspiracy of Pontiac
The Proclamation of 1763
 Law preventing
colonists from settling
west of the
Appalachians.
 The colonists were
angry, they felt they
had claims to the
land.
 The British were angry
that the colonists did
not want to pay for
the war.