Transcript Unit 3: The New Republic and Antebellum Period (1789

Challenges to the New Republic (1789-1825)

I can analyze and explain the major domestic
and foreign crises that faced the United
States after the adoption of the Constitution.




The “Father of Our Country”
1789-1797
First Cabinet: Jefferson –
Sec. State, Hamilton -Sec.
Treasury
Hamilton wanted a large
National Bank (the Bank of
the U.S. in 1792) – it barely
passed!
He wanted stable economy,
strong defense, no national
debt and a way to regulate
state and local banks.


The Federalists – Led by
Hamilton; believed in a
loose interpretation of
Constitution (Elastic
Clause)
Democratic-Republicans
– Led by Jefferson
wanted a strict
interpretation of
Constitution and said
the National Bank was
unconstitutional




The French Revolution (17891799) created problems for the
U.S.
The U.S. said it was neutral.
Were we?
1793 – Britain began seizing
U.S. ships and impressing U.S.
sailors
Jay’s Treaty 1794 – British gave
up forts on American side of
Great Lakes, but kept
restrictions on U.S. shipping/
trade. War was avoided, but
some cried foul.



Americans forces under
General “Mad Anthony” Wayne
defeat alliance of Native
Americans led by Shawnee
War chief, Blue Jacket, near
Toledo, Ohio.
This led to increased
American settlement as
Indians gave up 2/3 of Ohio
and S. Indiana.
Pinckney’s Treaty – 1795; with
Spain (got LA from France in
1763) allowed the U.S. to use
the port of New Orleans.




Problems with France, offended by
Jay’s Treaty, dominated the Federalist,
Adams’, tenure.
They copied the British and began
seizing and fighting with American
ships.
Alien Act of 1798 – toughened the
citizenship requirements for
immigrants and restricted free speech.
Most new immigrants usually voted
Democratic-Republican.
Sedition Act of 1798 – made it illegal
to criticize the government in a time of
crisis (i.e. the French threat).




Didn’t believe in a strong
presidency or federal government;
he was for “states’ rights”
Had Congress remove Alien &
Sedition Acts; he was for 1st
Amendment
Cut federal taxes on stamps & land
& made cuts in government
spending and reduced the debt
from $80 Million to $59 Million-a
minor miracle!
Marbury vs. Madison (1803) –
Supreme Court Case that set
precedent for judicial review – the
power to decide the
constitutionality of federal law.



The Louisiana Purchase
(1803) – from France
for $15 Million was
apex of his presidency
Lewis & Clark
Expedition (1804-06) –
Explored LA & reached
Pacific Ocean
Zebulon Pike (180607) explored S.W.
Louisiana




Embargo Act of 1807 – suspended
trade with Great Britain
Britain practiced impressment – a
policy of seizing U.S. sailors and
forcing them to work in Royal Navy
We thought Britain would need our
food and cotton more than we
needed their clothing – it failed
because it hurt U.S. merchants &
our economy
Congress ended it 1809 as
Jefferson left office, but we were
still having problems with the
British Empire





The War of 1812 – Madison
felt there was no choice
but war
Britain invaded & captured
Washington, DC
The U.S. failed to take
Canada
We won most battles and
therefore the war
Battle of New Orleans
(1814) – Andrew Jackson
becomes a national hero




He wanted to prevent Spain or
any other European nation from
ever having colonies in the
Americas
Monroe Doctrine (1823) – said
we would use force to keep
Western Hemisphere free of
European domination
We saw ourselves as the
supreme power in the
hemisphere
We lacked the military to
enforce it, but it will shape
American foreign policy in the
late 1800s and early 1900s
1. Washington set the tradition of appointing a group of advisors
known as the _________.
a. Directory b. Cabinet c. Judiciary
2. Britain and other European nations declared war on this country
when it overthrew the monarchy in 1789?
a. Spain b. Prussia c. France
3. Some feel the Louisiana Purchase was his greatest achievement?
a. Jefferson b. Madison c. Monroe
4. This failed law of 1807 was passed to keep American ships in
port to avoid conflicts with the British Navy?
a. Impressment Act b. Embargo Act c. Boycott Act
5. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was passed to
a. prevent Mexico from breaking away from Spain.
b. prevent European nations from creating new colonies in the Americas.
c. prevent Great Britain from trading with the United States.