Transcript World Cultures Mid-Term Review
World Cultures Mid-Term Review
Geography
What does interdependence mean? Depending on other countries for goods, resources, and knowledge
What are physical features?
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natural elements of the environment
What are political features?
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Boundaries made by humans
What is culture? All things that make up a people’s way of life
How does religion strengthen society?
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Teaches values that all people accept
What is ethnocentrism? Judging other cultures by standards of one’s own culture
How have people used the environment over the years? People have adapted to and changed the environment in which they live
What is westernization?
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The adoption of western cultures
Europe
What type of physical feature is the continent of Europe?
Peninsula
• • • What are the three most important rivers in Europe
Thames Seine Rhine
What are city-states?
Small communities that valued their independence and were surrounded by farmland
Define direct democracy
Citizens participate directly in government rather than through elected officials
How did the feudal system function during the Middle Ages in Europe?
Everyone had a fixed place in society and was obedient to the class above them
• • • What was the effect of the bubonic plague?
Inspired Ring around the Rosie Commonly thought of to be brought on by the Jewish community Killed over 25 million Europeans within 5 years.
What was the Renaissance?
Rebirth of interest in the arts, education, and science
What role did Martin Luther play in the history in Europe?
He opposed many wrongdoings of the church, especially indulgences
What caused the economic crisis in France in the 1700s?
The middle and working class were the only taxpayers
• • • How did Napoleon change French society?
All men equal before law Freedom of religion Napoleonic Code
What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?
Restore order in France after 25 years of war and revolution
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
British textile industry
What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
Advanced security and defense, health, and trade
What caused World War I? • • •
Land disputes Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Build up of militaries
How did Adolph Hitler come into power?
He promised to restore order and greatness in Germany in light of the Depression
Why was the policy of appeasement followed during World War II?
Countries thought it was a fair price to pay for peace
What was the Berlin Wall?
A wall that was very hard to get past that divided Germany for almost 30 years
Why was the Berlin Wall built?
To stop East Germans from fleeing to West Germany
What is the European Union?
An institution of 27 European countries that share a commitment to peace and prosperity
The Middle East
What were the Christian holy wars (aimed at recapturing the Holy Land) called?
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Crusades
Why did Israel become a center of conflict after World War II?
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Jews wanted to create an independent state there
What Middle Eastern people establish a great empire along the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley?
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Sumerians
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What did Muhammad write at the request of the Allah? Koran
What does OPEC stand for?
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
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What religion do 90% of Middle Easterners follow? Islam
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What resource has made the Persian Gulf important? Oil
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Which country held American diplomats hostage for 444 days in 1979?
Iran
What is Zionism?
The international movement for the establishment of a Jewish national community in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel.
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What two groups fought fiercely over the Holy Land? Israelis and Palestinians
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What area did the earliest of Middle East civilization settle? The Fertile Crescent
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What was the main goal of the PLO? Regain Palestinian territory and establish a Palestinian state
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What led to the United States getting involved in the 1991 Persian Gulf War? Iraq invaded Kuwait
Why did the French and the British fight over Egypt for in the
1880s?
Both countries wanted to build a canal across the Suez
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What was the result of the United States and the Soviet Union supplying arms and aid to the Middle East for over forty years?
The militaries of these countries were strengthened, but the countries were unstable
What are basic elements of Christianity? Jesus was the messiah, Jesus was the son of God, Belief in teachings of Jesus
What are basic elements of Judaism? Passover, religion of Hebrews, Jews were the chosen people
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What are basic elements of Islam? The Five Pillars, the Koran, Praying towards the city of Mecca
Africa
• What geographic zones are in
Rainforest
Africa?
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Desert
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Sahara
What is the largest desert in Africa?
Sahara
What oceans surround Africa? • •
West- Atlantic East- Indian
Which European country held the most territory in Africa prior
Define pharaoh:
Rulers of ancient Egypt
Define polygamy
The practice of having more than one spouse
What was the significance of the pyramids? They were burial sites for leaders
Describe traditional village life
Decisions that affected the entire village were made by consensus
Describe traditional African religion
Most were monotheistic
Why was there a demand for slaves in Europe?
Growth of plantation economy in the Americas
How did colonial rule affect Africa?
Most African nations had artificial boundaries that included many rival ethnic groups
How did the Industrial Revolution affect Africa?
It fueled Europe’s economic motives to colonize Africa by creating a major need for natural resources
How did Africans overthrow British rule?
By unifying
Define Pan Africanism
The idea of unifying all of Africa
What country of Africa has the highest AIDS prevalence rate? South Africa
Define apartheid
A system of inequality and injustice based on race
• • • Describe how the diamond trade affects Africa
It has caused many civil wars DeBeers had prospered tremendously from exploiting diamonds from Africa Diamonds worn by people in the richest parts of the world are often at the expense of some of the poorest people in the world.