Transcript Slide 1
Imperialism
Words to Know:
Imperialism:
Foreign policy when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or cultural life
Colonialism :
The policy of maintaining colonies as a source of raw materials and new markets. Practiced during old and new imperialism.
Raw Materials:
Various materials found in nature used in manufacturing such as wood, coal, and oil.
Culture:
The shared beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior of a particular nation or people
Words to Know:
Nationalism: pride and devotion to one’s country Nationalist take pride in nation, culture, history and government Feel that their country is the best!
When??
Old Imperialism 1500-1600s Europe starts expanding to Asia, Africa and the Americas Great Britain takes over N. America and Spain takes over S. America
When??
New Imperialism 1800s 19 th Century Industrial Revolution Create Empires Increase Nationalism
What?
Imperialism is a foreign policy How a country deals with other countries Countries created empires by building colonies
How?
Only Industrialized Countries Ships and Guns Technology Navy Army
Who??
Ten Imperialist Powers
Great Britain , Germany , France , Italy , Japan , Netherlands , Russia , Spain , Portugal , and the United States
Only two countries were left!! Ethiopia and Liberia!!
Motives of Imperialism/ Causes Economic
• Motive is $!!
• Raw Materials • Imports and Exports
Political Military Cultural Religious
• World Power!! Competition • Protect Investments • Establish own Gov.
• Strategic Locations! Strength and Security (gas stations) • Superiority • “Duty to Help” • Missionaries • Moral Issues
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa Industrialism and Imperialism 1.
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The Industrial Revolution created a desire for natural resources.
Many of these resources were not available in Europe.
Since much of the American colonies became independent, European powers looked to Africa and Asia for new colonies.
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer: The Founder of Social Darwinism 1.
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Europeans ruled their colonies with total authority , and they were not afraid to use force.
Indigenous people were used as slaves in the extraction of natural resources.
Europeans used the concept of Social Darwinism to justify this.
Social Darwinism: racism.
The belief that people and societies evolve like nature. The most technologically advanced cultures are believed to be superior to others. Leads to
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa Paternalism 1.
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Social Darwinism inspired the concept of Paternalism.
Paternalism stated that the societies of Asia and Africa could not run their own governments and need Europeans to take care of them .
Paternalism= Parents
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa Assimilation Along with Paternalism came the concept of Assimilation. This stated that Indigenous peoples would assimilate into European culture.
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa The Berlin Conference 1.
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By the middle of the 1800’s, it seemed clear that European powers were going to war over colonies in Africa.
In order to avoid this, the leaders agreed to meet in Berlin to cut up “the African Cake.” In 1884 and 1885 Europe divided up Africa.
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa The African Cake
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa The Division of Africa by the Berlin Conference
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa The Europeans Extracted Wealth from Africa
Imperialism: Ethnic Warfare and Poverty
Imperialism: Ethnic Warfare and Poverty Apartheid in South Africa Mandela and F.W. de Klerk United Streaming Clip Mandela
Imperialism: British Imperialism in India Starting in the 1600s the British began to dominate India. By the 1800’s, it ruled it through the British East India Company.
Imperialism: British Imperialism in India Indian Servitude
Imperialism: British Imperialism in India Even in the face of famine the British still pushed cash crop production.
Imperialism:
British Imperialism in India A Sepoy Soldier British Indians were used as soldiers by the
Gandhi United Streaming
Mao Zedong
“Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun”
Gandhi
“Victory attained by violence is a tantamount to a defeat, for it is momentary”
Imperialism: Southeast Asia is Divided Map showing the Division of Southeast Asia
Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism The Qing Dynasty Resists the British 1.
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The Qing did not want Western influence in China.
However, (i.e. tea).
Westerners (especially the British) wanted Chinese goods The Chinese forced Westerners to trade through Guangzhou (Canton) in exchange for precious metals.
Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism The British solution was to introduce opium as a trade item.
As the Chinese population became addicted to the drug demand skyrocketed.
“By what right do they [British merchants]… use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people?... I have heard that the smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your country, then even less should you let is be passed on to the harm of the other countries.” Emperor Lin Zexu
Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism The Opium War 1.
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War broke out in 1839 between the Qing and the British.
It became known as the Opium War because the Qing wanted to end the trade of Opium.
Industrialized Great Britain won easily and gained full trade access to China.
Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism The Taiping Rebellion 1.
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In the 1850s, China experienced the bloodiest civil war in human history.
Hong Xiuquan began a Christian religious sect known as the Taiping.
He led a revolt against the Qing .
The war would eventually cost 20 million lives.
Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism The Qing were forced to turn to the West to aid them in defeating the Taiping. They used Western weapons. This only gave Western countries more access to China .
Sphere of Influence
Area in which foreign nation controlled trade and investment
Open Door Policy
U.S. declared China to be open to merchants of all nations
Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism The Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists group in China which sought to push foreigners and A their influence out of China. Westerners called them Boxers.
Imperialism: China Resist Imperialism The Boxer Rebellion 1.
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In 1900, the Boxers surrounded the foreign section of Beijing and laid siege to it.
Western armies responded by invading China and putting down the Boxers.
The war became known as the Boxer Rebellion.
Imperialism: Japan
Although Japan had a “Closed Country Policy,” the United States Navy forced it to open up trade in 1853.
U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry
Imperialism: Japan
The Meiji Restoration 1.
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Soon after, Emperor Mutsuhito wrestled control away from the Tokugawa Shogunate.
He started the Meiji Period .
The Meiji sought to modernize Japan on the Western model in order to resist the West.
Imperialism: Japan
Meiji Modernization
Imperialism: Japan Sino-Japanese and Russo Japanese Wars
Compare and Contrast China and Japan
China Japan
Forms of Imperialism
Form
Colony Protectorate Sphere of Influence Economic Imperialism
Definition
Country or territory governed internally by a foreign power Country of territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges Independent but less developed country controlled by private business interest
Example
13 original US colonies Puerto Rico China Dole Fruit Company controlled Hawaii
Imperial Management Methods
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Indirect Control
• Local Government officials • Limited Self-Rule • Goal was to develop future leaders • Government institutions are based on European styles but many have local rule Examples: • British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma US Colonies in the Pacific
Direct Control
• Foreign officials brought in to rule • No self-rule • Goal was assimilation • Government institutions are based only on European styles Examples: • French Colonies such as Somaliland or Vietnam • German colonies • Portuguese colonies