Transcript Document
Business English at Work
© 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Sentence Development
Demonstrate knowledge of terms used in sentence construction.
Objectives
Use correct ending punctuation for statements, questions, commands, and exclamations.
Identify simple, compound, and complete subjects.
Identify simple, compound, and complete predicates.
continued PP 3-1a Business English at Work
Sentence Development
continued
Recognize direct objects, indirect objects, and other complements.
Objectives
Identify normal and inverted sentence order patterns.
Differentiate between phrases and clauses.
Identify simple, compound, complex, and compound complex sentences.
Identify complete sentences, fragments, and run-on sentences.
Business English at Work PP 3-1b
Sentence Development
A Sentence
A
sentence
consists of words correctly arranged to form a complete statement or idea.
A sentence begins with a capital letter.
ends with an ending mark of punctuation.
Business English at Work PP 3-2
Sentence Development
Ask these questions to determine whether words are a sentence.
Do the words make sense?
Do the words indicate a complete thought?
Does the group of words begin with a capital letter?
Does the group of words end with a period, question mark, or exclamation point?
Business English at Work PP 3-3
Sentence Development
Four Purposes of Sentences
Express statements (declarative sentences).
End with a period.
We offer a 30-day return policy.
Ask questions (interrogative sentences).
End with a question mark if direct questions.
Are the new brochures available yet?
End with a period if indirect questions.
He asked whether I planned to revise the news release.
Business English at Work PP 3-4a
Sentence Development
continued Four Purposes of Sentences
Give commands and requests (imperative sentences).
End with a period.
Direct Command
Place your order within two days to receive a discount.
Courteous Request
Will you please call me by the end of the week.
Express emotions (exclamatory sentences).
End with an exclamation point.
Always satisfy your customers!
Business English at Work PP 3-4a
Sentence Development
Sentences Have Two Parts Subject
Often a noun or pronoun Indicates who is speaking, who is spoken to, or who or what is spoken about
Predicate
Verb (action or “ to be ” form) Tells what the subject is doing or what the subject is
Business English at Work PP 3-5
Sentence Development
Simple Subject
The
simple subject
is the main word of the subject.
Users
can schedule unlimited sales calls with contact management software.
We
offer a discount to our employees.
Outstanding customer
service
is our goal.
Business English at Work PP 3-6
Sentence Development
Compound Subject
The
compound subject
words in a subject.
is two or more main
Hudson Communications
and
Cellular Depot
share an office building in the Redwood Business Park.
Evening
hours
and free
parking
interest customers. Focus
groups
, phone
messages
, and postal card
responses
are all ways to obtain user opinions.
Business English at Work PP 3-7
Sentence Development
Complete Subject
The
complete subject
consists of the simple or compound subject plus any of its modifiers.
Most customers
comment on our window displays.
Sales brochures
describe our products.
Free upgrades and extra bonus miles
attract some travelers.
Business English at Work PP 3-8
Sentence Development
Simple Predicate
The
simple predicate
is a single verb or verb phrase.
Tim
speaks
softly.
I
take
inventory once a week.
Our store hours
are
convenient.
We
have advertised
newspaper.
our sale in the local
Business English at Work PP 3-9
Sentence Development
Compound Predicate
The
compound predicate
is two or more verbs.
I
researched
our orders and
designed
sales brochure. our latest Our accountant and the sales manager
analyzed
our sales and products.
recommended
new pricing of Other companies
have visited
our call center and
ordered
similar telephone headsets.
Business English at Work PP 3-10
Sentence Development
Complete Predicate
The
complete predicate
consists of the simple or compound predicate plus all modifiers that limit or describe the verbs.
This short survey
asks for your opinions about our customer service
.
Our company
has an extensive video training library.
The reports on this Website
review a wide range of customer service issues.
Business English at Work PP 3-11
Sentence Development
A Direct Object
Can be a noun or pronoun.
Completes the verb by answering the questions
whom?
or
what?
after the verb.
Glenda plans
seminars
for our company.
Service companies need outstanding delivery
records.
My supervisor praised
me
problem.
for resolving the
Business English at Work PP 3-12
Sentence Development
An Indirect Object
Can be a noun or pronoun.
Answers the questions
to whom?
or
for whom?
Usually precedes the direct object.
Usually follows verb forms such as
give, offer, wish, ship, make, refuse, present,
send.
or
Business English at Work PP 3-13a
Sentence Development
continued Examples of Indirect Objects
Dynamic Designs offers
me
a 15 percent discount.
The warehouse shipped
Kerry
the furniture last week.
Our company gives
customers
a money back guarantee.
Business English at Work PP 3-13b
Sentence Development
A Subject Complement
Is a predicate noun or predicate pronoun that follows a linking verb (
am, are, is was, were
).
Renames the subject.
Richard Herrera is
a customer service representative
.
We are
the best sales team
.
Business English at Work PP 3-14
Sentence Development
A Predicate Complement
Is a predicate adjective that follows a linking verb (
am, are, is, was, were
).
Modifies (describes) the subject.
Billboard advertising is
expensive
.
Customers are
a company
’
s most important asset.
Business English at Work PP 3-15
Sentence Development
Sentence Order Normal Order
The subject appears first and the predicate follows.
Jerry responded.
Your company ’ s competitors hired several young salespeople.
I received the sales totals.
We wish you success.
The training video is free.
Business English at Work PP 3-16a
Sentence Development
continued Sentence Order Inverted Order
The predicate or part of the predicate is before the subject.
There
are
many compliments about our customer service.
Here
is
the latest inventory report.
Should
we
offer
discounts to attract customers?
How much
will
a customer satisfaction survey cost?
On the Website
are
the details about our shipping policies.
Business English at Work PP 3-16b
Sentence Development
Phrase
A
phrase
is a sequence of words which has neither a subject nor a predicate.
Prepositional phrase:
Begins with a preposition such as
of, in, at
, and
for
and ends with a noun or pronoun. Does not include a verb.
in our call center at our warehouse
Infinitive phrase:
Begins with
to
and includes a verb form.
to offer
a compromise
to request
a refund
Business English at Work PP 3-17
Sentence Development
Clause
A
clause
is a sequence of words with both a subject and a predicate.
Independent clause:
stand alone.
Is a complete sentence and can
We send a confirmation e-mail for each online order.
Dependent clause:
Is not a complete sentence and cannot stand alone. It must be joined to an independent clause to make sense.
When you call our customer service department,
Business English at Work PP 3-18a
Sentence Development
continued Clause
When a dependent clause introduces an independent clause, place a comma at the end of the dependent clause.
If the office furniture was damaged in moving,
our standard guarantee still applies.
Because we have 24-hour customer service,
we have three customer service shifts.
Business English at Work PP 3-18b
Sentence Development
Sentence Formations
Simple sentences Compound sentences Complex sentences Compound-complex sentences
Business English at Work PP 3-19
Sentence Development
Simple Sentence
A
simple sentence
is one independent clause in a subject-verb pattern.
We
cancelled the order last week.
Rachel
and
I
purchased a subscription to
Advertising Age.
Our
customers
shop online and refer others to our Website.
The human relations
specialist
and my
manager
recommended less phone work and offered me another position.
Business English at Work PP 3-20
Sentence Development
Compound Sentence
A
compound sentence
is two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction.
Many of our customers are self-employed, and they purchase items for themselves.
Limited quantities of this product are available, but we will ship your order next week.
Business English at Work PP 3-21
Sentence Development
Complex Sentence
A
complex sentence
consists of an independent clause and a dependent clause.
When a product is listed as out of stock, your order will be filled as soon as possible.
If your order cannot be shipped within 30 days, we will cancel the order.
Because I arrived late for the sale, I could not find the items that I wanted.
Business English at Work PP 3-22
Sentence Development
Compound-Complex Sentence
A
compound-complex sentence
consists of more than one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
If your order has not been shipped within 30 days, we will notify you of this delay by e-mail, and you will have the option to cancel your order.
When you receive a promotional code, enter it on your order, but only one promotional code may be used for each order.
Business English at Work PP 3-23
Sentence Development
Sentence Fragment
A
sentence fragment
consists of words, phrases, or dependent clauses that cannot stand alone and may contain subjects and predicates.
The multiple gift certificates Ordered by phone last week
Business English at Work PP 3-24
Sentence Development
Run-On Sentence
A
run-on sentence
is a complete sentence with period or comma faults.
I want to order online credit card thefts worry me.
Your serial number is provided with your product documentation you can also find the serial number by opening the software and clicking on the Help menu.
Business English at Work PP 3-25
End of Business English at Work
© 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill