Transcript Sentence Structure
S
ENTENCE
S
TRUCTURE
Grammar and Syntax English 1
S
ENTENCES
In order to share ideas successfully, you must use complete sentences
Definition: a group of words that expresses a complete thought
There must be a structure!
S
ENTENCES
Illustrated
The Man
Slept Moved
And the
Pictures
The Illustrated Man slept and the pictures moved.
Sentence must have subject and predicate.
Either the subject or predicate (or both) may not be stated, but both must be clearly understood.
S
UBJECT Definition – part of the sentence that is doing something or about which something is said (whom or what it’s about) Identify – always a noun or pronoun 1. locate the verb 2. ask who or what is doing the action
S UBJECT T YPES Simple subject – the main noun or pronoun that tells whom or what the sentence is about Usually only one word, unless it is a proper noun (New England, Great Britain, Miss B.) Example: A triumphant Justin Bieber stepped microphone. up to the Complete subject: a triumphant Justin Bieber Simple subject: Justin Bieber
S UBJECT T YPES Compound subject – composed of two or more simple subjects that share the same verb Subjects are joined by a conjunction Example: Google, Bing, and Yahoo provide use. search engines for you to A flood or an earthquake devastates a city.
S
WITCH IT UP
!
P
REDICATE Definition – the part of the sentence that tells what the subject is doing Identify – always starts with the verb or helping verb – ask what the subject does or is Can be broken up with subject in the middle or at the end. Example: Many Americans celebrate Halloween. Celebrate Halloween many Americans do.
P
REDICATE
T
YPES Simple predicate – the verb without any of the words that modify or describe it Helping (auxiliary) verbs are still included in the simple predicate
Example:
The ambulance raced the street. out of the driveway and down Sandy may have borrowed my book.
P
REDICATE
T
YPES Compound predicate – composed of two or more simple predicates, joined by a conjunction
Example:
Blog owners produce the internet. and publish their writing on
V
ERB
T
YPES Main Verb – can be action verb or linking verb Action verb – tells what the subject does even if it can’t be seen Transitive or intransitive Linking verb – tells what the subject is Form of the verb be: is am was were be been being Others: appear, feel, taste, look, sound, seem, smell, grow, become
V
ERB
T
YPES Helping (auxiliary) verbs – added to the main verb to help express action or show time *still included in simple predicate Be: is am was were be been Do: do does did Have: has have had Others: may might can could will won’t would should shall
P
RACTICE
!
*highlight the simple subject and underline the simple predicate. In medical laboratories, robots handle hazardous materials. At the General Motors Corporation, robots work on assembly lines performing tasks like welding and painting. Most boring or dangerous tasks are done by GMC’s robots.
P
RACTICE
!
Circle the simple or compound subject and highlight the simple or compound predicate.
Keenan and Angelica watched Tiger play in the tournament and got his autograph at the ninth hole. Tiger and his family traveled to the Asian Honda Classic Golf Tournament in Thailand.
ACTIVITY!!!
Sentence Structure Sparkle!
Stand in semicircle in back of room The first student gives the student next to him/her a single word as the subject of a sentence. The second student has five seconds to complete a sentence by adding a predicate. Then that student turns to student three and gives a subject. The game continues, with students being eliminated if they “freeze” and cannot think or if predicate doesn’t make sense. Add noun and verb phrases!
E
NTRANCE
T
ICKET Happy Wednesday Please begin working on handout this is based on what we learned yesterday and your readings from last night You may use your notes! Stay quiet and think and work hard Today: Clauses Begin sentence types Work on projects
W
HAT DO YOU KNOW
?
What makes a sentence Why complete sentences are important Subject Predicate
C IRCLE THE SUBJECT AND UNDERLINE THE PREDICATE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES .
The cow jumped over the moon.
Are you ready to go to the game?
I will not be at the restaurant until 7:00 p.m.
Taylor Swift is a successful and entertaining musician.
T
RUE OR
F
ALSE
An independent clause can stand on its own.
A dependent clause is a complete sentence.
Simple sentences are only five words long or less.
Compound sentences include words like lunchbox and homeroom.
W
HAT IS A
C
LAUSE
?
A group of words that contains a subject and a verb
Clauses make up sentences
Longer Ideas are not in phrases Ex: Brainstorm / Pre-write for projects
Highlight on paper
I
NDEPENDENT
C
LAUSE Subject and verb that expresses a complete thought Can stand alone as a sentence *All sentences must have an independent clause Example: The children dreamed of the veldt.
D
EPENDENT
C
LAUSE Does not express a complete thought Even though it may contain a subject or verb Cannot stand as a sentence on its own Depends on (needs) more Independent clause
D
EPENDENT
C
LAUSE If the marionette took over Because they heard the screams Which Bradbury dislikes Because they lived on Mars
*** A A W W U B B I S ***
After although when while before because if so
W
HY IT IS
I
MPORTANT
!
When you write, watch out for sentences that start with because, when, so, or other words that signal a dependent clause. *make sure there is not a fragment
P
RACTICE
!
1. Joyce enjoyed geometry
more than she enjoyed algebra.
2. She liked the fact
that the class began with simple shapes.
3. A point was the first thing
that the students learned about.
P
RACTICE
!!
4. A point has no length or width. 5. When you study geometry, you must use terms
accurately.
6. For example, you may not say line when you
mean line segment.
7. A triangle, which everyone recognizes, is a shape made of three line segments.
K
INDS OF
S
ENTENCES There are different kinds of sentences. When you write, use different types, or a variety, to spice up your writing!
S
IMPLE
S
ENTENCES Has one independent clause NO dependent clauses *It can include many details and be elaborate Example: 1. He slept. 2. The illustrated man slept soundly throughout the night underneath the stars on top of the soft, grassy hill.
C
OMPOUND
S
ENTENCES Too many short sentences can make your writing choppy You can fix this with compound sentences! Contains two or more independent clauses NO dependent clauses Example: The children cried. The children were upset. They made a plan. They would do it. The children cried; they were upset. They made a plan, and they would do it.
P
RACTICE
!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
It was pouring rain; getting a cab was impossible. Miguel patched and cleaned the sides of the boat. The magazine was both timely and readable.
Ted read the instructions, and then he built the model. At first, television stations were on the air only a few hours a day, but now many broadcast 24 hours a day. Computers and printers are standard equipment in most classrooms.
A CTIVITY T IME !
IDENTIFY INDEPENDENT / DEPENDENT CLAUSES AND SENTENCE TYPES .
"The Veldt" By deadmau5 featuring Chris James
Happy life, with the machines scattered around the room.
Look what they made; they made it for me. Happy technology!
Outside, the Lions roam, feeding on remains.
We'll never leave. Look at us now; So in love with the way we are—here!
[Chorus:]
The world that the children made.
The world that the children made, here!
The world that the children made, here!
The world that the children made.
Every night they rock us to sleep, digital family!
Is it real? Or is it a dream? Can you believe in machines?
Outside, the beating sun, can you hear the screams?
We'll never leave. Look at us now.
So in love with the way we are—here!