Transcript Chapter 6: The Phoenicians and the Hebrews

Chapter 6: The Phoenicians & Hebrews
1200 B.C. – 510 B.C.
Section 1: Phoenicians
 Came from small land that
connected Mesopotamia &
Egypt

Known as Canaanites
 Phoenician – means purple
merchants
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
Came from Northern Canaan
Most information we know
comes from the Bible
Growth of Trade
Effects
1. Control of Med. Trade
Causes
2. Traveling workshops
1. Location along sea
Rise of
2. Scarcity of land to
grow food
Phoenician
Trade
3. Cedar forests to build
ships
3. Plotted courses by sun
& stars
•
Exploration of new
land
4. Spread of culture
5. Use of treaties to keep
peace
Cities of Phoenicia
 Each city was its own city-state b/c of
isolation from mountains

Money from trade caused jealousy among
 Largest cities: Tyre, Byblos, Beirut, Sidon
 Led by Kings & Councils
 Skilled as carpenters, cabinetmakers, and metal
workers
 Port = center of activity
 Important cloth-dying centers
Gods & Goddesses
 Believed in many nature gods
 Built temples

Holy of holies – sacred chamber
where image or stone was kept
 Believed in life after death
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Buried their dead in clay urns
Embalmed & wrapped the body
Carthage – 814 BC
 Colonies (permanent
settlements) turned into
trading cities along
Northern Africa
 Most famous: Carthage
 Dido from Tyre said to
have built city
Phoenician Alphabet
 Use of Pictures
Hieroglyphics
Canaan Writing
 22 Symbols or letters but no vowels
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Reader would know what vowel sound to put in
Read from right to left
 Used to keep records of trading
 Brought to Europe where Greeks &
Romans changed it.
Alphabet