Transcript Mediterranean Civilizations

Mediterranean
Civilizations
Chapter 2 Section 4
Rising Cities
• As the Empire of Hammurabi was raising and
falling.
• City-Sate on the shores of the Mediterranean
sea secretly becoming strong and rich.
• Gathering SNAILS.
• Found in the city of Tyre.
• Snails produced rich purple dye.
• Sold it at a very high price.
The Phoenician’s
• Tyre:
– Major city in region
called Phoenicia.
– Located in present
day Israel.
• Resources:
– Cedar Forests.
• Used the water as
main source for
trading.
Masters of Trade
• Great Sea Power
• Controlled trade
throughout much of the
Mediterranean.
• Sailed into the Atlantic
Ocean.
• Told stories of their
journeys of horrible
Monsters that lived in
ocean depths.
• Kept others from trying
to compete for trade in
the Atlantic.
Exotic Marketplaces
• New goods enter
cities of Tyre and
Sidon.
• Foods:
–
–
–
–
Figs.
Olives.
Honey.
Spices.
• New Animals:
– From Africa:
• Giraffes.
• Warthogs.
– Europe:
• Bears
Checking for Understanding
• What resources
did the
Phoenicians
first use to
build their
wealth?
The
Phoenicians
used wood and
the dye from
snails to build
their wealth.
The Phoenician Alphabet
• Writing system used
22 symbols.
• Alphabet:
– Set of symbols that
represent the sounds
of the language.
• Basis of the alphabet
many use today.
• Each letter stood for
one constant sound.
• Much easier to learn.
Checking for Understanding
• How did the
Phoenician
alphabet
differ from
cuneiform
script?
• The Phoenician
alphabet used
fewer symbols
and was much
easier to learn
than the
cuneiform script,
which used
symbols.
Rise of the Israelites
South of Phoenicia
Abraham the Leader
• People settled in Hills
around the Jordan River.
• 1st called Hebrews.
• Later known as the
Israelites.
• History told through stories
in from their most sacred
text called the Torah.
• Israelites began in
Mesopotamia as shepherds
and Merchants.
• Abraham taught his people
to practice
– Monotheism.
• A belief in one God.
• God told Abraham to leave
Mesopotamia and settle
elsewhere. (Genesis 12:1-2)
Rise of the Israelites
In the Desert.
• Settled in the land of Canaan.
• Famine:
– Time when there is so little
food that many people starve.
• Forced them to flee south to
Egypt.
• Lived peacefully for a few
hundred years.
• Egyptian King forced them
into slavery.
• Thought they were becoming
too powerful.
• Moses the leader led his
people out of Egypt.
• Called the Exodus:
• 40 years traveled the desert
of the Sinai Peninsula.
• God gave them the 10
commandments.
– Code of laws.
• Traveled back to Canaan to
begin building their own cities.
Settlement in Canaan
• Able to settle in
many parts.
• They were united
under the first King
Saul.
• King David
– Established his
capital in the city
of Jerusalem.
A Divided Kingdom
• King David dies.
• Son Solomon took over
the kingdom.
• Built temple In Jerusalem.
• Solomon dies country
splits into two kingdoms.
• Northern Kingdom:
• Israel
• Southern Kingdom
• Judah
Sent Into Exile
• Assyrians took over the
Israelites and their land
of Judah.
• 722 B.C.
– Israelites resisted
Assyrian rule.
– Assyrians exiled the
Israelites.
• To force people to live in
another place or country.
The Aftermath
• Assyrians controlled Judah
until conquered by the
Chaldeans (Babylonians) in
612 B.C.
• 587 B.C.
– King of Judah rebelled
against King
Nebuchadnezzar, but did
not succeed.
– The capital city of
Jerusalem and the Temple
were destroyed.
– People of Judah were
exiled to Babylonia.
Checking for Understanding
•Who were
the
Israelites?
• The Israelites
originally came from
Mesopotamia and
were first called
Hebrews.
• They never built a
large city but made
a deep impact on
our civilization.