Transcript Chapter 1

Chapter 2
IT Concepts and Management
Overview for Today
► Project
MS #1 due Friday, Jan 30th
► Classifying Information Systems
► IS Architecture
► Managing IS Resources
Measuring Speed and Capacity
► What’s
a RAM? How do we measure it?
► Able to leap a TeraByte in a single bound…
► Faster than a speeding GigaHertz…
► What the *@!#% are you talking about?!?!
 Any analogies to iPods? Other items?
Classifying Information Systems
► What
are some ways we might use to
classify or identify different information
systems?
 Think of different places in an organization
where they might be used…
 How they might be used…
Classifying Information Systems
► By




the type of support provided
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Management Information System (MIS)
Decision Support System (DSS)
Knowledge Management System (KMS)
1 Transaction Processing Systems TPS
► How
would you recognize a TPS?
► In general, a TPS can:
 Initiate / respond to business transactions
 Allow data maintenance
 Primary focus concerns data
are TPS examples?
► TPS performance measures
► What
 Visa: 3K/sec, Wal-Mart: 800M/day
 Article on currency swapping
► Where
were the first TPSs installed in orgs?
2 Management Information Systems MIS
► Target
user is mid-upper mgmt
 What do they need to know to do their jobs?
► Issue
reports to monitor, control, plan
 Perform statistical analysis
 Provide detail, summary, exception reports
 Can be periodic or ad hoc
► Transforms
data into information
 What is the source of the data?
3 Decision Support Systems DSS
► What
is the primary goal of a DSS?
 What are some examples of tasks for which a DSS is
well suited? Not well suited?
 What are some examples of a DSS?
► Whole
chapter coming up…
4 Knowledge Management Systems
► Capturing
organization knowledge is critical
 People retire, move on to another job…
 Take key knowledge with them!!
► Need
to smooth the transition to new worker
► Many barriers (tech & behavioral) to KM
projects!
► Whole chapter coming up…
Summary of IS Types
► There
are more, these are most common
► Categories are not always absolute!
 Possible for a single IS to belong to multiple categories
►A
complex IS can contain smaller systems from
different categories
Information Architecture
► High-level
plan or blueprint
 Hardware and networks
► To
design an architecture, need to know:
 Business needs, objectives, problems
 Existing information systems!
►
Sometimes harder than you think…
Architecture HW: Supercomputers
• China’s Tianhe-2 ---
• 54 Pflops (i7 is 70 Gflops)
• 3.1M processors
• 17,800 kW of power
• 1,024,000 GB RAM
•Geared to Specific Tasks
• Tremendous power
• $200,000 to Million$
Architecture HW: Mainframes
• Dominant in pre-1980’s
• ~Dozen processors
• Client - Server
• Multi-user, Corporate-wide
• Entry level: $200,000 +
Architecture HW: Minicomputers
• 1960’s – today
• $15k - $150k
• Multi-user, small
number of processors
• Client-Server
• Departmental IS
• Local Area Networks
Architecture HW: Microcomputers
• Introduced Oct 1981
• Client-Server computing
• Local Area Networks
Legacy Systems
► What
are they?
► What connotations / realities surround
legacy systems?
<- OR ->
Some Architecture at Bucknell
► Banner




Web
Runs on a minicomputer
Many GB RAM
~dozen processors
Size of two filing cabinets
► Netspace
 Series of small minicomputers
 Contains many TB of hard drive storage
Architecture at Chase Manhattan
► Merger
of Chase & Chemical bank
 16M daily transactions 700 locations in 58 countries
 60,000 PCs, 14 mainframes, 300 minicomputers, 1100
network lines, 1,500 applications
► Problem:
How to merge IS to support current
& future business
► Goal: give all cust real-time account access
► 3-Tiered Solution:
 Global Infrastructure: WANs and satellites
 Distribution Networks for specific Business Units
 Various Access Networks
Managing IS Resources
► Centralized
vs. Decentralized vs. Distributed
 What are some examples of each?
 Benefits? Drawbacks?
► Architecture
must support the business plan!
 What does this mean?
► IS
(article on web page)
is the lifeblood of the organization
 When the IS is down, the company is
CLOSED!
 LendingTree, Amazon, E-bay, many more!
Managing IS Resources
► No
standard rule for managing resources
 Can have one centralized IS department
 Can have multiple decentralized groups
 Can outsource/cloud source
► Depends
upon
 Size of the company
 What they do as their primary business
 Attitude of executive management
► IT
spending: 7.4% enabler, 4.7% inhibitor
 Location of IS on the org chart…
Important Concepts to Know
► Classification
of Information Systems
 By types of support (most important)
 Other methods of classification
► IS
Architecture
 Types of HW
 Centralization vs. Decentralization
► Managing
IS Resources
For Next Time…
► Prepare
Minicases
► Milestone #1 due on Friday
► Read Chapter 12 on Strategic
Information Systems for next week
 As usual, we will not be able to discuss
the entire chapter, so please ask
questions!