Transcript IS 201 Principle of Information Systems

IS 201
Principle of Information Systems
Sec 81
Term 2/ 2544
ชุด ที่ 1
MANAGING
THE
DIGITAL
FIRM
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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
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GLOBALIZATION
INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES
TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENTERPRISE
EMERGENCE OF THE DIGITAL FIRM
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GLOBALIZATION
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MANAGEMENT & CONTROL
COMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETS
GLOBAL WORK GROUPS
GLOBAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS
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INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES
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KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIES
PRODUCTIVITY
NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES
KNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSET
TIME-BASED COMPETITION
SHORTER PRODUCT LIFE
TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT
LIMITED EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE BASE
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TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISE
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FLATTENING
DECENTRALIZATION
FLEXIBILITY
LOCATION INDEPENDENCE
LOW TRANSACTION COSTS
EMPOWERMENT
COLLABORATIVE WORK
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EMERGENCE OF THE
DIGITAL FIRM
• DIGITALLY-ENABLED RELATIONSHIPS WITH
CUSTOMERS, SUPPLIERS, EMPLOYEES
• CORE BUSINESS PROCESSES VIA DIGITAL
NETWORKS
• DIGITAL MANAGEMENT OF KEY ASSETS
• RAPID SENSING & RESPONDING TO CHANGE
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ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
• INTERNET LINKS BUYERS, SELLERS
• LOWERS TRANSACTION COSTS
• GOODS & SERVICES ,ADVERTISED, BOUGHT,
EXCHANGED WORLDWIDE
• BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
INCREASING
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ELECTRONIC BUSINESS
• INTRANET: BUSINESS BUILDS PRIVATE, SECURE
NETWORK
• E-MAIL, WEB DOCUMENTS, GROUP SOFTWARE
EXTENDS EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION & CONTROL
• VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION
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SCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMS
• 1950s: TECHNICAL CHANGES
• 60s-70s: MANAGERIAL CONTROL
• 80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL CORE ACTIVITIES
GROWING IMPORTANCE
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THE CHANGING MANAGEMENT PROCESS
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ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS
ELECTRONIC MARKET
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WHAT YOU CAN DO ON THE INTERNET
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COMMUNICATE & COLLABORATE
ACCESS INFORMATION
DISCUSS
OBTAIN INFORMATION
ENTERTAIN
TRANSACT BUSINESS
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VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION
MANUFACTURING
DESIGN
COMPANY
COMPANY
SALES & MARKETING
COMPANY
CORE
COM
PANY
FINANCE
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COMPANY
LOGISTICS
COMPANY
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SUPPLY-CHAIN MANAGEMENT
CUSTOMERS
ORDER
PROCESSING
PLANNING &
FORECASTING
SUPPLIERS
PROCUREMENT
ACCOUNTING
INTRANET
PRODUCTION
LOGISTICS
SERVICES
SHIPPING
INVENTORY
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DISTRIBUTORS
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SYSTEM
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
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WHAT IS AN INFORMATION SYSTEMS ?
Interrelated components working together to …
collect, process, store, and disseminate
information to support decision making,
coordination, control, analysis, and visualization
in an organization.
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INFORMATION SYSTEM
Information
Data
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
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INFORMATION
Data that have been shaped into
a form that is meaningful and useful
to human beings.
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DATA
Streams of raw facts representing events occurring
in organization or the physical environment before
they have been organized and arranged into a form
that people can understand and use.
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INPUT
The capture or collection of raw data from
within the organization or from its external
environment for processing in an information
system.
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PROCESSING
The conversion, manipulation,
and analysis of raw input into
a form that is more meaningful
to humans.
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OUTPUT
The distribution of processed
information to the people who
will use it or to the activities
for which it will be used.
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FEEDBACK
Output that is returned to the appropriate
members of the organization to help them
evaluate or correct input.
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COMPUTER-BASED
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(CBIS)
Information systems that rely on computer
hardware and software for processing
and disseminating information.
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FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENT
Customers
Suppliers
ORGANIZATION
INFORMATION SYSTEM
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
Regulatory
Agencies
Stockholders
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Competitors
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องค์ประกอบของ IS
• DATA
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
– Computer hardware
– Software
– Communications
• USER
• IS Personnel
• PROCEDURE
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TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
KIND OF SYSTEM
SERVED
GROUPS
STRATEGIC LEVEL
SENIOR
MANAGERS
MANAGEMENT LEVEL
MIDDLE
MANAGERS
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
KNOWLEDGE &
DATA WORKERS
OPERATIONAL
LEVEL
SALES &
MARKETING
OPERATIONAL
MANAGERS
MANUFACTURING
FINANCE
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ACCOUNTING
HUMAN
RESOURCES
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MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS
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EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)
KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS)
OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)
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TPS DATA FOR MIS APPLICATIONS
TPS
MIS
SALES
DATA
Order Processing
System
UNIT
PRODUCT
COST
ORDER FILE
Materials Resource
Planning System
PRODUCT
CHANGE
DATA
PRODUCTION MASTER FILE
General Ledger
EXPENSE
DATA
System
ACCOUNTING FILES
MIS
REPORT
S
MANAGERS
MIS FILES
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INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG SYSTEMS
ESS
MIS
DSS
KWS
OAS
TPS
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TRADITIONAL
VIEW OF SYSTEMS
• WITHIN THE BUSINESS: There are functions, each having its
uses of information systems
• OUTSIDE THE ORGANIZATION’S BOUNDARIES: There are
customers and vendors
FUNCTIONS TEND TO WORK IN ISOLATION
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ENTERPRISE SYSTEM
Manufacturing
Accounting
Business Processes
Vendors
Enterprise-wide
Business Processes
Human
Resources
Sales &
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Marketing
Customers
Finance
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STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
STRATEGIC INFO SYSTEM:
CAN CHANGE GOALS, OPERATIONS
PRODUCTS, SERVICES
ENVIRONMENT
TO GAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
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