Transcript Life At The Turn Of The 20th Century

Life At The Turn Of The 20th Century
US History
STES
Section 1: Objectives
• By the end of this
lesson, I will be able to:
• 1. Describe the impact of
technological advances
on turn of the century
urban planning.
• 2. Summarize turn of the
century communication
innovations.
Section 1: Science and Urban Life
• Main Idea: Advances in
science and technology
helped solve urban
problems, including
overcrowding.
• Why it Matters Now:
American cities continue
to depend on the results
of scientific and
technological research.
• Key Terms:
• Central Park
• Key Names:
• Orville and Wilbur Wright
• George Eastman
This is how I feel today:
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Science and Urban Life:
• By the turn of the 20th
century, four out of ten
Americans lived in cities
• New Inventions and
innovations began to
emerge to make life easier in
the city
• Subways, skyscrapers,
electric streetcars, bridges,
and parks all made life
easier in the cities
• New printing techniques
(double sided) allowed more
people to have access to the
newspaper – literacy went
up
Central Park
• Central Park - made up
of 840 acres of land in
the middle of New York
City
• Designed to be a
relaxing place in the
center of a busy city.
• The park took many
years to construct but is
still used today by
millions of people each
day!
Why is Central Park important to
the residents of New York City?
1. It offers them a place to
“get away from it all”
2. It conserves the land in
the center of the city
3. It is much different than
the area that surrounds it
4. All of the above are true
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Photography Explosion:
• George Eastman
introduced his Kodak
Camera – a
lightweight easy to
use device
• The $25 camera came
with 100-picture roll of
film
• Everyday people
could now take
pictures, not just
professionals
1888 Kodak Camera
Airplanes:
• In the early 20th century,
brothers Orville and
Wilbur Wright,
experimented with engines
and aircrafts
• On December 17, 1903 they
flew their plane for 12
seconds covering 120 feet
• Within two years the
brothers were making 30
minute flights
• By 1920, the U.S. was using
airmail flights regularly
The Wright Brothers get it….Right
Did We Meet Our Objectives?
• Can You:
• 1. Describe the impact of
technological advances
on turn of the century
urban planning.
• 2. Summarize turn of the
century communication
innovations.
Section 2: Objectives:
• By the end of this lesson, I
will be able to:
• 1. Analyze the expansion
of public education at the
turn of the 20th century.
• 2. Describe the growth of
higher education.
Section 2: Expanding Public
Education:
• Main Idea: Reforms in
public education led to a
rise in national literacy
and the promotion of
public education.
• Why it Matters Now: The
public education system is
the foundation of the
democratic ideals of
American society.
• Key Names:
• Booker T. Washington
• W.E.B. Dubois
Expanding Public Education:
• States passed laws
requiring 3 - 4 months of
education for students
ages 8-14
• Do you think 3-4 months
of school is enough?
• New schools were built
to accommodate all the
students
• Regular and Vocational
schools were built
Turn and Talk: Discussion
• Please discuss the following questions with a
partner:
• Why do you think that school reform became an
issue during this time period?
• Do you think it is a good idea to offer a vocational
program in schools (like Auburn)? Why or why
not?
• What do you think parents thought about their
children being “forced” to go to school?
Expanding Higher Education:
• Before 1900, only 3% of
people went to college
• Between 1880 and 1920
college enrollments more
than quadrupled
• Most of these students
were white males
• African Americans were
mostly excluded from
secondary education
African American Universities
Formed:
• After the Civil War,
thousands of African
Americans pursued higher
education – even though
white schools wouldn’t
admit them
• Booker T. Washington –
believed that racism would
end once blacks acquired
useful labor/educational
skills and proved their value
to society
• W.E.B. Dubois – founded
the Niagara Movement which
sought liberal arts
educations for all blacks
Booker T. Washington
Turn and Talk:
• How might the economy and culture of
the United States have been different
without the expansion of public
schools?
Did We Meet Our Objectives?
• Can You:
• 1. Analyze the expansion
of public education at the
turn of the 20th century.
• 2. Describe the growth of
higher education.
Section 3 Objectives:
• By the end of this
lesson, I will be able to:
• 1. Trace the historical
underpinnings of legalized
segregation and the
African American struggle
against racism in the
United States.
• 2. Summarize the turn of
the 20th Century race
relations in the North and
the South.
Section 3: Segregation and
Discrimination:
• Main Idea: African
Americans led the fight
against voting restrictions
and Jim Crow laws.
• Why it Matters Now:
Today, African Americans
have the legacy of a
century long battle to civil
rights.
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• Key Terms / Cases:
• Plessy vs. Ferguson
• Lynching
Key Terms:
Poll Tax
Grandfather Clause
Segregation
Jim Crow Laws
Debt Peonage
Section 3: Segregation and
Discrimination:
• By the turn of the 20th
century, Southern
States had adopted a
broad system of legal
discrimination
• Blacks had to deal with
voting restrictions, Jim
Crow laws, Supreme
Court set-backs, and
physical violence
Voting Restrictions:
• All Southern states
imposed new voting
restrictions and denied
legal equality to African
Americans
• Some states limited the
vote to those who could
read, other states had a
poll tax which had to be
paid prior to voting
• Do you think people
should have to pass a
test in order to be able to
vote?
More Voting Restrictions:
• Since there were some
white men that couldn’t
pass the simple literacy test,
a Grandfather Clause was
created.
• Grandfather Clause –
Men were allowed to vote if
he, his father, or his
grandfather had been
eligible to vote before
January 1, 1867.
• Blacks couldn’t vote before
1867!!!
Jim Crow Laws:
• Southern states passed
Segregation Laws separated white and
black people in public
and private facilities
• These laws came to be
known as “Jim Crow
Laws” - Racial
segregation in schools,
hospitals, parks, and
transportation systems
throughout the South
Plessy vs. Ferguson:
• In 1896, in Plessy v.
Ferguson the Supreme
Court ruled that the
segregation of races was
legal and did not violate
the 14th Amendment
• “Separate
but
equal”
• This decision legalized
racial segregation for
almost 60 years.
• Turn and Talk – Can
“separate but equal”
work?
Violence:
• African Americans who did
not follow the racial
“etiquette” could face severe
punishment or death
• Between 1882-1892, more
than 1,400 black men and
women were shot, burned, or
lynched
• Lynching - illegal
executions involving:
• 1. Beating to death
• 2. Burning to death
• 3. Hanging to death
Did We Meet Our Objectives?
• Can You:
• 1. Trace the historical
underpinnings of legalized
segregation and the
African American struggle
against racism in the
United States.
• 2. Summarize the turn of
the 20th Century race
relations in the North and
the South.