Transcript The Rise of Segregation - Francis T. Maloney High School

The Rise of Segregation
Chapter 6
Section 5
Exodusters
• African American migrants to Kansas
• Led by Benjamin “Pap” Singleton
• Why did they go?
African Americans and Populists
• Colored Farmers’ National Alliance: 1886
• 1891: Populist party formed, many
African-Americans joined
• Democrats threatened “Black Republican”
rule
Taking Away the Vote
• 15th Amendment: states cannot deny the
vote based on “race, color, or previous
condition of servitude”
• 1890: Mississippi introduced $2 poll tax
and literacy test
• Other states followed suit
• “Grandfather Clause”
Segregation
• De facto: Northern segregation
– People lived in different areas
• De jure: Southern segregation
– Enforced by law
– Jim Crow laws
Jim Crow
• 1883: Supreme Court
overturned Civil Rights Act of
1875-designed to stop
segregation
• 14th Amendment only applied to
government owned facilities
• Southern states began passing
laws that enforced segregation
in privately owned places
Plessy v. Ferguson
• 1892: Homer Plessy rode in white only
train car and was arrested
• 1896: Supreme Court upheld the law
• Separate but equal principal established
Ida B. Wells
• 1890-1899: average of
187 lynchings per year
• Wells launched a
campaign against
lynching
• Lynching numbers fell in
the 1900s
Mary Church Terrell
• Fought against lynching,
racism and sexism
• Helped found National
Association of Colored
Women, NAACP
Booker T. Washington
• Wanted AfricanAmericans to focus on
economic goals, not
political ones
• Atlanta Compromise
– Postpone fight for civil
rights, focus on education
W.E.B. DuBois
• The Souls of Black Folk: written in
response to Atlanta Compromise
• Rejected compromise
• Focused on maintaining and excercising
voting rights