Transcript Slide 1
This project is funded by the European Union.
The content of this presentation is the sole responsibility of Save the Children and Juzoor and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.
We have spoken to
137 children 10-18 years old, 92 girls and 45 boys
• Also 157 parents • And people working with children, for example teachers, health workers, counselors, and social workers
To know what?
Knowledge Attitudes Practices
We wanted to know about
Violence HIV/ AIDS and other STI’s Marriage, engagement and childbirth Changes during puberty Personal Hygiene
What we’ve learned
Personal hygiene
How often do you take a bath?
Once a week or less Twice a week Once a day Every other day
%
Children!
Who do you ask when you have questions about personal hygiene?
% Girls Boys Some children don’t know where to go for information!
Mother Father Teacher Sister Brother
Changes during puberty
%
Children!
How many physical changes that happen during puberty do you know of?
Girls Boys Girls Boys or more
Don’t know Breast start to grow More hair grows on body Growing taller Body gets more muscles Hips grow wider Menstruation starts Oily skin & pimples One starts to sweat more
Girls!
What physical changes do you know of that happen to your body during puberty?
Almost all of the service providers can tell of at least three different changes. Girls have slightly better knowledge than their parents about this.
%
Don’t know More hair grows on body Voice changes One grows taller & gains weight Body becomes more muscled Broadening of shoulders Changes in sex organs Oily skin & pimples One starts to sweat more
Boys!
What physical changes do you know of that happen to your body during puberty?
About 9 in 10 service providers know of at least three different changes.
Parents have slightly less knowledge of the changes in boys than of the changes in girls.
% %
%
Adults!
How many physical changes that happen in children during puberty do you know of?
Changes in girls Changes in boys Parents Health Workers Other Service Providers
13
3 or more
Children!
How many worries and problems do you know of, that one might start facing during puberty?
or more
%
Parents & Service Providers!
How many worries and problems do you know of, that children might start facing during puberty?
or more Parents Health Workers Other service providers
Don’t know There are none Stomach cramps Wet dreams Feeling tired, fatigued Eating too much Get sad or depressed Get angry or irritated Cannot concentrate on study Feeling shy or timid What worries & problems do you know of?
Note, see note section
Children Healh Workers Other service providers Parents % %
Summary - puberty
Service providers do have quite good knowledge of the physical problems.
Why is this knowledge important?
Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and other STI’s
or more
Children!
How many Sexually Transmitted Infections do you know of?
Sexually Transmitted Infection
An infection one can get by having sex 14% of the parents didn’t know of any STI, and a bit more than half of them only knew about one.
Service providers know of more than children and parents do and 83% of them know of at least three or more.
19
Children & their knowledge of STI:s
Of the children who do know about an infection, the most common to know about is
HIV/AIDS
(59% of all children). Only a very few children know about • • Chlamydia Gonorrhea • Syphilis • • • Thrush Pubic lice Hepatitis B & C None of the children know about • • Genital warts Genital herpes
Adults & their knowledge of STI:s
Also amongst the adults the most common STI to know about is
HIV/AIDS.
All of the service providers we have spoken to and 82% of all parents mentioned this.
13-16% of the parents know about Hepatitis B, Gonorrhea & Syphilis. Very few know of the other STI:s.
Amongst the other service providers, there are several STI:s many of them have not heard of.
Health workers are the most knowledgeable, still there are several STI:s not many of them know about.
Children!
How many symptoms or signs do you know of, that could tell if a person has gotten an STI?
or more Almost 8 of 10 children don’t know of any sign at all!
Of the service providers, more than 70% know of three symptoms or more.
61% of all parents don’t know of any symptoms!
%
Children!
How many of you have heard about HIV/AIDS?
10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old More girls than boys have heard about it Yes No
23
%
Children!
How many ways to get infected with HIV do you know of?
More girls than boys know of no symptoms at all!
10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old or more
Adults & their knowledge of HIV/Aids
All of the service providers we have spoken to and 90% of all parents have heard about HIV/AIDS.
6% of the parents don’t infected. 43% know of at least three ways. Amongst the health workers, 21% know of only two ways to get infected.
Amongst the other service providers, 11% only know of two ways to get infected.
Don’t know Sexual relations Sharing syringes Unclean medical equipment Blood transfusion Mother to child Mosquito or other insect bites Breast milk Casual contact with infected person Other way to get infected
!
?
!
Which ways to get infected with HIV do you know of?
Children Parents Health Workers Other service providers % %
!
?
!
?
!
26
%
Children!
How many ways of avoiding to get infected with HIV do you know of?
More boys than girls know of three ways or more!
10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old or more Almost all service providers know of at least three different ways.
or more know of at least three ways.
Not having sex at all Be faithful to partner Encourage partner to be faithful Avoid contaminated blood Always use a condom Not sharing syringes Not sharing razors and blades Avoid prostitutes Not having casual sex Avoid casual contact with infected person Other suggestion Don’t know Which ways of avoiding to get infected with HIV do you know of?
Children Parents Health Workers % Other Service Providers
!
?
!
?
!
28
%
Summary – STI:s, HIV/AIDS
39% of all children don’t know of any STI, and half of all children only know about 1. 79% children don’t know of any symptoms.
The knowledge amongst service providers is quite good, although there are still several STI:s that they don’t know of.
Amongst parents not many of them know of more than 1 and some don’t know of any. 61% of the parents don’t know of any symptoms.
Not many of the younger children have heard of HIV/AIDS. Many children of all ages lack knowledge regarding ways to get infected, and ways to protect oneself from getting infected.
Also amongst the parents many of them lack this knowledge, and also some amongst the service providers.
Why is this knowledge important?
Engagement, marriage & childbirth
%
Children & parents!
In your opinion, when is the best age to get engaged for girls and boys?
According to children % According to parents Max.
Don’t know Best age for girls Best age for boys
Children & parents!
In your opinion, when is the best age to get married for girls and boys?
% According to parents % According to children Best age for girls Best age for boys Don’t know
About engagement and marriage
Almost 8 times more boys than girls, thought that the best age for a girl to get engaged is when she is older than 25.
More than twice as many boys than girls, thought that the girl should be at least 25 when marrying.
More mothers than fathers think that the girl should be at least 18 years old when getting engaged or married.
Many children, parents and service providers think that the girls should engage and marry earlier than what boys should do.
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What about education?
Should children under 18 who are married continue with their education?
% Boys Girls Fathers Mothers Service Providers No Yes Don’t know
Children!
When is the best age to have one’s first child?
Don’t know More boys than girls think the best age is 25 or more!
Pregnancy & child birth
Do you think this should be avoided during adolescence?
% Children Parents Service providers
45%
Children
35%
Parents
13%
Service Providers
Yes No Don’t know Of the ones who do think pregnancy and child birth should be avoided during adolescence, still don’t know of the reasons why!
About the complications
Several parents and service providers think that an adolescent is not capable to care for a child.
Very few children know about premature birth, bleeding, low birth weight, mental and physical disabilities in the children.
Not many children know about still birth, spontaneous abortion, maternal death and high level of childhood illness.
Also amongst parents there is an alarming lack of knowledge!
Several children and also some parents even think there are no negative effects at all!
Summary – engagement, marriage and child birth
• Many children, parents and service providers think that the girl should engage and marry earlier than what the boy should do.
• Although most children, parents and service providers do think that children under 18 should continue their education also if they are married or engaged, there are still some who don’t agree with this. • Many children, parents and almost all service providers, think that pregnancy and child birth should be avoided during adolescence. Still there are many of them who don’t know of the reasons to why. • 45% of the children don’t know of any of these reasons.
What do we think of this?
Violence towards children
Is there violence against children 10-17 years, in your community?
84% Children 90% Service Providers YES!
90% Parents This also means that a lot of children have to witness violence!
Where does the violence towards children take place?
According to the service providers
At home from adults (71%) In the neighborhood between youth themselves (65%) At school from other students (55%) At home from siblings (41%) At school from teachers (37%)
I HAVE THE RIGHT TO LIVE WITHOUT ANY KIND OF VIOLENCE!
94% of all children agrees with this statement!
“I have the responsibility to make sure I don’t hurt others!”
92% of all children agree!
“It is appropriate for a husband to hit his wife, or for a brother to hit his sister!”
96%
children don’t agree with this!
Hitting with a hand Hitting with an object Shaking Pulling child’s hair Burning with hot water, match, cigarette Forcing child to stay in uncomfort -able position Forcing child to take excessive physical exercise
Violence against Children
Physical abuse Children Parents Service Providers
This shows how many that do not consider these forms as physical abuse!
%
Bad name calling Shouting Saying to the child “No one loves you ” Locking child into a space all alone Threatening Parents abandoning child Neglecting child’s emotional needs
Violence against Children
Emotional & Psychological abuse % Children Parents
This shows how many that do not consider these forms as emotional and psychological abuse!
Touching a child’s private parts Making child touch owns’ or someone else’s private parts Having sex with a child Showing child magazines/ films with pictures of naked or almost naked people Telling child “dirty” stories or jokes
Violence against Children
Sexual abuse Children Parents Service Providers
This is how many who
do not
think these are forms of sexual abuse!
%
%
Who do you think is the perpetrator of sexually abusing children?
Boys Girls Parents Service Providers Father Brother Uncle Friend Neighbor Stranger, Boyfriend (male) Don’t know Other
%
Children!
How many strategies do you know of, to protect yourselves from violence?
or more Girls know of some more strategies than the boys do
Children and protection strategies against violence
Most known
• Tell a grown-up you trust
(39%)
• Run or get away (29%) • Yell (18%) • Say “No” (14%)
Least known
• Not taking gifts in exchange
for doing something you are uncomfortable with (1%)
• Learn more about violence
against children through internet, books etc (1%)
• Keep emergency numbers (3%) • Call a child helpline (3%)
And some children don’t know of any!
Summary – violence
The vast majority of all children agree that they have the right to live without any kind of violence, and that they have a responsibility to make sure they don’t hurt others. Yet most people agree that there is violence in their communities against children 10-17 years!
According to the service providers, most violence occurs at home from adults.
Almost all children don’t think it’s right for a husband to hit his wife, or a brother to hit his sister.
Amongst service providers it is more common to think of the perpetrator of sexual abuse as a close family member, but not many children think so. Many people seem to have different opinions about this. Not many people seem to think of women as the perpetrator.
There are many forms of violence and abuse that are not always recognized as such. 31% of all children don’t know of any protection strategy against violence, and 43% only know of one.
What do we think of this?
Knowing whom to ask – and daring to ask!
Sources of information upon SRHR
Teacher Mother Father Sibling Friend Gynecologist /doctor Relative Health Center Psychosocial counselor
Children!
Who would you ask for advice regarding sexual & reproductive health?
Still, many children have not asked neither parents nor teachers about these matters.
A few children wouldn’t ask anyone, or they wouldn’t know whom to speak to.
Girls Boys Girls % %
No Don’t know
Parents!
Do you consider yourself having enough knowledge to be able to give advice on reproductive health?
More mothers than fathers think they have good enough knowledge.
Yes 83% health workers and 61% other service providers think they have good enough knowledge.
Children!
Of those of you who have asked a teacher or parent questions related to sexual and reproductive health, 9% got scolded from the teacher, but nobody got scolded from their parents 17% were refused an answer from the teacher, 8% from the parents 74% got an answer from the teacher. 92% got an answer from the parents!
Asking questions about sexual and reproductive health
Many health centers have services related to sexual and reproductive health, and several children go there.
For example, some children go there for
•
Education sessions
•
Screenings for STI’s
•
Psychosocial counseling
Although, 28% say they don’t visit the health centers for these topics – the main reason being that they don’t know what services are available.
Almost all service providers had been approached by children in the last month concerning sexual and reproductive health.
Children!
In your opinion, when should education on reproductive and sexual health start?
When one’s getting ready for marriage Other Don’t know Before age of puberty During puberty 84% of all children think you should discuss in the classroom, matters relating to sexual and reproductive health.
The ones not agreeing with this, either don’t think there is a need for it or they think youth might be embarrassed talking about these topics. have good enough knowledge.
91% of all parents think these topics should be included in the school program. 86% of these think it should start before the age of 16.
Summary
Sources of information
Most children would go to their parents when wanting advice regarding sexual and reproductive health.
31% of all parents don ’ t think they have enough knowledge to be able to give advice.
Although the majority who asked a parent or teacher did get an answer, a few children were refused an answer or even got scolded from the teacher.
Many children do visit health centers, but 28% children say they don ’ t – reason being they don ’ t know what services are available.
main 84% of children think you should discuss SRH in the classroom.
More than half of the children think education on SRH should start during puberty, and 23% think it should start before that. Also 91% parents think these topics should be included in school, and most of them think it should start before the age of 16.
What do you think of this?
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We have rights!
To know more about our bodies and health!
To understand some things before they happen, and things related to our body and health!
To be acquainted with my body and the body of the other person, including our reproductive organs!
We have rights!
So that we can protect ourselves and enjoy health!
So that we can feel comfortable with ourselves, be confident and have self-confidence!
So that we can feel good about our bodies, and be able to appreciate – respect – protect – and safeguard it!
We have rights!
To obtain information and sex education and moral support!
From where will we get this information?
What can we do to make sure we can claim our rights?
This is a child friendly version of the baseline report for occupied Palestine territories on
Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights of Children and Adolescents
Baseline Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Survey
(Nathalie Bavitch, MPH, September 2010) Presentation produced by Sabina Esp Save the Children Sweden Regional Office for Middle East and North Africa April 2012 This presentation is produced within the project
“Protecting Adolescents from Gender Based Violence through the Promotion of their Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights ”.
For more information please visit:
http://mena.savethechildren.se
www.juzoor.org
This project is funded by the European Union.
The content of this presentation is the sole responsibility of Save the Children and Juzoor and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.