Transcript Slide 1

Modal Analysis: Pipeline
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
Pipeline Share of US Transportation Market
2010 US
Shipments
Truck
(TONS)
12,490 68%
Rail
1,776 10%
Pipeline
1,494
8%
Intermodal
1,380
8%
860
5%
12
0%
302
2%
Water
Air
Other
Total
PIPELINE
RAIL
TRUCK
18,313
Transportation Pipeline: Long pipe with large diameter, moving products
(natural gas, petroleum products) between cities, countries, continents.
Pipeline
2
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
US Pipeline Volume
Annual volume of pipeline transportation is
• Pipelines are owned by shippers or operating companies
• Land is owned by corporate, private (right-of-way) and public (federal, state, local)
• Material in pipeline is owned by the shipper.
Pipeline
3
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
Transportation Pipeline Operation
Pipeline field devices include instrumentation, data gathering units and communication
systems. Operating equipment is installed along the pipeline at specific locations such as
injection or delivery stations, pump stations (liquid) or compressor stations (gas), and
block valve stations.
Pipelines are controlled remotely from a central control room. Pipeline operating data is
transmitted from RTUs along the pipeline. All data related to field measurement is
consolidated into a single database.
Pipeline
4
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
US Petroleum Products Pipeline Network
America depends on a network of
168,000 miles of liquid pipelines to
safely and efficiently move energy and
raw materials to fuel our nation’s
economic engine. Pipelines are a vital
part of our country’s infrastructure. Our
nation’s transportation system could
not run without pipelines transporting
fuel from producing areas to refineries,
and from refineries to distribution
points. Pipelines are the safest, most
reliable, economical and
environmentally favorable way to
transport oil and petroleum products
and other energy liquids and
chemicals throughout the U.S.
Pipeline
5
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
Petroleum Product Pipeline Information
• Liquid products move through pipelines at a rate of 3 – 8 miles per hour.
• Interstate pipelines deliver over 11.3 billion barrels of petroleum each year.
• 52% of the petroleum transported by pipelines is crude oil and 47% is in the form of
refined petroleum products.
• Due to the significantly high volumes, liquid pipelines are the only feasible method for
moving the quantities of petroleum that America requires to keep going each day.
• Replacing a modest-sized pipeline (150K barrels per day) would require:
 750 tanker truck loads per day, a load delivered every 2 minutes around the clock.
 225-car train to arrive and be unloaded every day.
• Pipelines have environmental and safety benefits. Compared to other transportion
modes, pipelines do not congest highways and produce negligible air pollution.
• Pipelines have a lower spill rate per barrel of oil transported than competing modes
of transportation, namely trucks and barges.
Pipeline
6
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
Petroleum Product Pipeline Operation
Pipeline
7
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
US Natural Gas Pipeline Network
The pipeline transmission system, the “interstate highway” for natural gas, consists of
220,000 miles of high-strength steel pipe 20 inches to 42 inches in diameter. It moves
huge amounts of natural gas thousands of miles from producing regions to local natural
gas utilities and sometimes directly to large users of natural gas.
Pipeline
8
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
Natural Gas Pipeline Information
• Natural gas pipelines connected to each other would stretch to / from the moon 3X.
• Robotic devices (pigs) are used to evaluate the inside of a pipeline to ensure it is safe.
Pigs get their name due to the squealing sound they make when they travel through
the pipelines.
• Pipelines are constructed of different material depending on size, pressure
requirements and use. Transmission pipes, pipes used to transport gas from supply
areas to distribution centers, are made of ¼ - ½ inch thick steel with special coating to
protect against corrosion.
• Transmission pipelines are protected by an electrical shield called cathodic protection.
This barrier is achieved by applying an electrical current to the pipeline.
• 98% of the natural gas transported / used in the US comes from North America.
• INGAA members operate over 202,000 miles of natural gas pipelines.
• Natural gas first placed in a transmission line receives a pressure of up to 1,500 psi.
By the time it reaches a household piping system, pressure has been reduced to less
than 0.25 psi or the pressure created by a child blowing bubbles through a straw.
Pipeline
9
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
Serious Pipeline Incidents
Significant Injury - the occurrence of a fatality or injury requiring
hospitalization, $50,000 or more in property damage, spill of a volatile
liquid of greater than 5 barrels and/or an unintentional fire or explosion.
YEAR
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
10 year
average
Pipeline
number
fatalities
injuries
36
61
44
39
32
45
38
47
34
40
12
12
23
13
19
15
9
13
19
15
49
71
56
47
34
50
57
65
104
65
42
15
60
10
Damage
(000)
$
4,729
$
9,688
$
9,172
$
17,962
$
8,058
$
18,572
$
47,877
$
18,955
$ 381,118
$
6,464
$
52,260
net spilled
(barrels)
860
3,518
4,513
11,961
5,755
364
3,104
3,283
3,336
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
Pipeline Employee Safety
Pipeline
11
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
Pipeline Environmental Safety*
* measured as barrels of hazardous liquid (42 gallons) spilled and not recovered
Pipeline
12
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780
Keystone Pipeline
What are the business,
environmental and political
issues (and consequences)
associated with approving
the construction of the
Keystone Pipeline?
Handout Keystone article for reading and discussion
Pipeline
13
Transportation Strategy
SCMN 4780