Transcript ABC Flipbook Fuel To The Future

Laurie Munoz
Milwee Middle School
ALASKAN PIPELINE
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TAPS (Trans-Alaska Pipeline
System)
800 miles of pipeline
Prudhoe Bay to Valdez
Conveys oil
BARRELS
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Transports petroleum products
1977 – the year the first barrel of
oil traveled through TAPS
Leaks – sabotage, maintenance
failures and gunshot holes
15 million barrels transported in
2013
CANADA
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Hardisty, Alberta – main
terminal for Canada
TransCanada – owns the
Keystone Pipeline
Phase 1 – 4 – based out of
Canada
Crude Oil
DESIGN
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Pipelines are designed to be environmentally friendly
Begins with drafting (a method of diagramming)
Contracted to engineering firms
Submitted for approval
ELEVATED
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Raised above ground
Environmental protection
TAPS
Keystone
Steel beam supports
FRACKING
Method to obtain petroleum,
natural gas, or brine
Fractures (breaks) deep rock
formations
Uses water – hydrofracking
GATHERING LINES
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Moves natural gas
Small diameter pipelines
Begin at the wellhead
Join other gathering lines to
become bigger pipelines
HARDISTY TERMINAL
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Alberta, Canada
Beginning of the Keystone
Pipelines
Phases 1-4
Crude oil
INTERNATIONAL
Pipelines exist throughout the
world
 Africa
 Asia
 Australia
 Middle East
 Russia
 Europe
 North America
 Central America
JOBS
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Alaskan Pipeline – 6000 jobs in Alaska alone
Keystone – 9000 jobs
Engineers - design
Delivery Driver Welders –
Capacity Analysis – how much can be transported
KEYSTONE
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Four phases of construction
Transports crude oil from
Canada
Connects to – Nebraska,
Montana, and Texas
Phases 1 – 2 – deliver 590,000
barrels of oil daily
Phase 3 – delivers 700,000
barrels of oil daily
LEGISLATION
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Lawmaking
Oil Spill and Pipeline Safety
PHMSA – Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
Administration
Enacted to protect the environment and people
MANUFACTURER
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Production of materials
75% of the Keystone XL – manufactured in North America
Welded pipe
Steel
NATURAL GAS
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Fuel
Transported by pipelines
Pressurized into liquids –
NGL (Natural Gas Liquids)
OIL
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Collected by gathering
systems
Collected in onshore and
offshore areas
Processed into gas and other
energy products
PETROLEUM
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Naturally occurring crude
oil
Fossil fuel – usually
zooplankton and algae
Found in sedimentary rock
Recovered through oil
drilling
QUALITY
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Quality Management Systems
System of checks and balances
Ensures Safety
Multi Step Process
REFINERY
Crude oil is processed into
useful products
 Crayons
 Plastics
 Heating Oil
 Jet Fuel
SHEARING
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A variation in wind speed or
velocity
Occurs over a short distance
Elevated pipelines are
subjected to wind shearing
Damages the pipeline
TARSANDS
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Also known as oil sands
Unconventional petroleum
deposit
Mixture of sand, clay, water
and bitumen
Bitumen – dense and
viscous petroleum
ULTRAMAR
Canadian gas and fuel
retailer
 Operates in Canada
 Founded in 1961
 Produces 265,000 barrels of
oil daily
 Employed 3,600 people
directly with the company,
and 10,000 people indirectly
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VELOCIY
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Vector measurement of
speed
Includes both speed and
direction
Wind velocity is considered
in elevated pipelines
Velocity of transport is
critical for production
WELDERS
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Joins pieces of metal together
Structural welders work on pipelines
Sporadic job – times of great demand and other times with
little or no work
Work conditions can be difficult with both weather and
location
XL
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Remaining portion of the
Keystone Pipeline
1,200 miles long
Alberta, Canada to the Gulf
of Mexico
40% already built
Transport crude oil
YIELD
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Refers to the amount of production
Oil Yield – amount of oil that can be derived from a oil well
or other source
Also refers to net energy from oil production
ZIMBABWE
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Mega fuel pipeline
Expected to transport 500
million liters of fuel per
month
Connects Beira to Harare
Still under consideration