Transcript Applications of ICT

Applications
of ICT - 3.3.4
telecommunications and
information technology
This presentation aims to:
 Allow
you to describe the use of
telecommunication and information
technology in:






Telephone Systems
Banking
Production Control
Global Positioning Systems
Navigation
Weather Forecasting
Introduction

This particular topic only asks you to be able to
describe the different technologies.

As you have already been given the identifiers all
you need to focus on when revising is:

Amplification


(extending your understanding of the identifier)
Exemplification

(given an example of how the identifier is used)
Navigation
Mouse click has been disabled on certain slides to allow you to work through
the menu system. To override this just press space bar to continue the
presentation in a serial order.
Telephone
Systems
Banking
Production
Control
Global
Positioning
System
Navigation
Weather
Forecasting
Telephone Systems
 This






section will cover:
Voice mail
Menus
Ringback
Videophone
Caller display
Conference call
Voice Mail
 Before
voice mail existed, people used to
record messages on answering machines.
 They
used small tapes to record
messages.
 Because
messages were saved serially
(one after the other) removing messages
involved taping over the old message.
Voice Mail

Voice mail systems are very sophisticated in comparison.

They allow you to:

Delete/Store multiple messages

Forward messages to another voice mail inbox

Have different messages be read out to the caller depending
on your status (away, on holiday etc)

Retrieve messages from another phone

Use voice recognition to forward messages as a text message or
email
Voice Mail
 These
systems can be used by one person
or by a company.
 The
school has a voice mail service for
parents who call into school.
 If
they leave a message the message can
be forwarded to the voice mail inbox of
the appropriate member of staff.
Menus
 With
the introduction of tone dialling
phones (digital), telephone menu systems
were created.
 Now,
a lot of companies use menu
systems to filter customers towards the
correct departments.
Example
Thank you for calling
elephant.co.uk
Press 1 if you are calling
about renewing a
policy.
Connect to sales.
Press 2 if you are calling
about an existing claim
or if you want to make a
new claim.
Press 1 if you are calling
about an existing claim.
Press 2 if you are calling
to make a new claim.
Press 0 to return to
previous menu.
Press 0 for all other
enquiries.
Connect to customer
services.
Ring Back

If try calling a friend but their phone is either
engaged or has no signal, you can request a
ringback.

When your friend’s phone is no longer busy or
has a strong enough signal to receive a call,
your phone will ring.

When you answer your phone your friends
phone will start ringing.
Video Phone

3G phones make use of high bandwidth
connections allowing for video calls to be
made.

The idea has been around for a while but still
isn’t all that popular compared to normal
calling.

If you have ever watched Thunderbirds you’ll
know that when there is a problem the
characters will talk via video calls.
Caller Display

Mobile phones have caller displays and many
new house phones have the same feature.

When a call is placed the telephone number is
displayed on a screen.

If the number is stored in the address book the
name of the contact will be displayed.

Many companies withheld their telephone
numbers because they want to make sure that
people always call their menu driven service.
Conference call

Most telephone calls are placed between
two people.

But what if a third person should be part of
the call?

It is possible to invite someone else into the
conversation by dialling their telephone
number during the call.

(This feature often costs more and has to be set
up through your telephone service provider)
Activity
 Copy
and complete this table:
Identify
Amplify
Exemplify
Voice Mail
Menus
Ringback
Videophone
Caller Display
Conference Call
Return to Navigation
Banking
 This




section will cover:
ATM (Automatic Teller Machines)
Credit/Debit Card
Cheques
Internet Banking
ATMs

Also known as a cash machine…

ATMs allow people to withdraw money without the
need for any other human interaction.

They also allow you to check your balance, change
your pin, request a new cheque book and some
even let your top up your mobile phone!

There are different kinds of ATMs too. Some are used
for cash withdrawal, others for cash and cheque
deposits and some are used only to check and print
off full statements.
ATMs

When you put in your card into an ATM it will read
your sort code and account number from the
magnetic strip or the chip device.

It will then ask the user to enter the PIN number and
will request the details of the account using the
details on the card.

These details might include:




Has the card been lost or stolen and is it activated?
The account’s PIN number (used to verify inputted PIN)
The account’s current balance
The account’s overdraft agreement
Credit/Debit Cards
 The
most popular way for people to pay
for goods and services these days is to
pay using a credit or debit card.
 The
introduction of Chip and Pin systems
have made buyer goods and services
even faster and more secure.
Difference in card types

Credit Card:


The bank provides a person with a temporary
loan. When a person uses a credit card the bank
pays for the goods or service. They then ask for
the money at the end of the month. There are
then two ways of paying at the end of the month,
either by paying off the interest or by paying off
the loan in one go.
Debit Card:

When a person pays for a goods or service the
money is automatically taken from their account.
Why so popular?

It is far safer to carry a credit/debit card around
because if your purse or wallet is lost or stolen no one
can use your money (unless they know your pin).

You can also cancel cards which prevents them
from being used. As the cards are checked every
time they are used it is difficult to use the card.

Also, paying for goods/services online using a credit
card (like Master Card) provides the customer with
insurance, meaning they can claim their money
back through the credit card company if there is a
problem.
Theft of cards

The only real way to make use of someone else’s
card is to use it online or over the telephone.

If you don’t know the person’s PIN number you
can’t use it in a shop.

If you have a copy of the top of the card (done
easily by swiping them over carbon copy paper)
you can’t use it because most websites ask for the
security number on the back.
Theft of cards

If a thief had your whole card they would still need
your billing address…but if your driver’s licence
was in your wallet when it was stolen then they
would have that.

This is why it is important to keep your bank’s lost
and stolen number handy…because the quicker
you can cancel your cards the better!

But…rest assured…more websites are now asking
for additional security details when you make a
purchase. They ask for a secondary PIN or
Password which ‘should’ only be known to you!
Cheques
 Cheques
are still a popular way of
transferring money from one place to
another.
 They
are often used by people who pay
by post (ebay is keeping cheques alive!)
 Companies
often also give refunds via
cheques to make it seem more official!
Cheques

Cheque books are important things to keep
safe…but there are checks in place to ensure that
your cheque isn’t being fraudulently used!

The bank will keep a record of your signature which
they compare with the signature on the cheque.

They also check to make sure the same pen has
been used on the cheque to ensure no one has
tempered with it after it was written.

They can also look to see if any ink eraser fluid has
been used to modify the details on the cheque!
Cheques and technology

Because of the nature of cheques, different technology is
used to ‘read’ them.

OCR (Optical Character Recognition)


MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition)


Used to read the account number, sort code and cheque
number
Sorting cheques


Used to read amount written on the cheque)
Done using the sort code so they can be processed by banks
Recoding transactions

A record of each transaction is made which then appears on
bank statements.
Internet Banking

Used by more and more people, it has grown in
popularity as more and more people connect to
the internet.

People now transfer money from one account to
another, check balances and pay bills using
internet banking…

If you make use of online banking take a closer
look at what you can do with it. If you haven’t got
online banking go to a bank’s website and look at
the demos they have!
Activity
 Copy
and complete this table:
Identify
Amplify
Exemplify
ATM
Credit/Debit Cards
Cheques
Internet Banking
Return to Navigation
Production Control
 The
manufacturing sector now makes
heavy use of CAM (Computer Aided
Manufacture).
 This
essentially means that robots carry out
the manufacturing of goods.
 There
are, of course, some benefits and
negatives to this.
Positives of CAM

Robots don’t get tired meaning they can work 24/7.

Initial costs are high but running costs are low.

They make very few mistakes (usually only if there is a
fault or a bug in the system).

They are incredibly fast – Cadbury’s makes use of a
system called Flow Wrap which allows them to wrap
800 bars of chocolate per minute!

(do you think they would let me use their machine to
wrap my Christmas presents?)
Negatives of CAM
 Replace
human workers meaning higher
unemployment.
 Not
very flexible – they tend to be suited
to make certain types of products.
Humans can be retrained to make lots of
products.
The control part…

Sensors are used extensively to ensure that
products are being made correctly.

For example, when a machine fills up a bottle of
tomato sauce, it checks the weight of the bottle
to ensure it was filled correctly.

If it wasn’t then it is either discarded or topped up.

Some machines learn from mistakes and adjusts
it’s operations automatically so that it doesn’t
make the same mistake again.
Activity
 Describe
what Production Control Means.
Given an example of where and how it is
used.
Return to Navigation
Global Positioning Systems
 We
have already covered GPS in the
previous unit of work…but that was
looking at how it worked.
 Now
you need to understand how it is
used.
Global Positioning System
 People
use GPS navigation devices (Sat
Navs) in the following ways:





Finding the shortest route between two
points.
Avoiding certain types of roads.
Travel to Points of Interest (POIs).
Provides driver with estimated travel time
and time of arrival.
Some systems provide drivers with current,
average and maximum speeds achieved.
Sat Navs

In order for the system to work it must know the
following things:


Start/Current Location
Finish location

The system then checks previous position and current
position to determine what direction you are
travelling.

It makes adjustments for positioning errors by placing
you on the road that it believes you are on based on
direction of travel, and distance from the road’s
location.
Activity
 Complete
the following table:
Feature
How is it used?
Benefit to driver
Points of Interest
The driver can find
points of interest such
as Petrol Stations and
Hospitals.
If a driver needs to fill
up but doesn’t know
the area well they
can use the POI
feature to find the
nearest station.
Now you list as many as you can….
Return to Navigation
Navigation
 Some
people don’t like using Sat Nav
systems (they can be a little annoying at
times!)
 Instead
they prefer to use route finders
such as the ones on Multimap and The AA
websites.
Navigation

In order for them to work, they need to know
your starting location and the ending
location.

The user can include ‘via’ points if they wish.

A route is then calculated based on the user’s
preferences:



Avoid toll roads and motorways
Fastest route
Shortest route
Navigation
 What
these navigation systems can’t do is
provide you with a new route if you miss a
turn!
 This
type of system is fantastic providing
you never make a mistake! 
Activity
 Describe
how online route finders can be
used by people planning a trip.
Return to Navigation
Weather Forecasting
 Weather



forecasting consists of:
Measuring and recording data
Calculating a forecast
Producing forecast information
Measuring and Recording

This can be carried out in the following ways:










Satellite images
Temperatures
Moisture in the atmosphere
Humidity
Rainfall
Wind speed
Wind direction
Cloud cover
Atmospheric pressure
Sunshine
Measuring and Recording

Data is collected from a variety of sources
and from a variety of locations including:



Satellites
Bouys on the ocean
Sensors on the ground

In order for forecasts to be accurate, data
must be collected at regular time intervals.

The more data collected the more accurate
the forecast can be.
Modelling a forecast

In order to make a forecast you need to know what
the weather has been doing!

The data that was collected is fed into a very
powerful computer where complex calculations are
carried out.

Often, various models are produced with
predictability values attached to them.

The weather forecaster must then decide which
forecast they believe will be the most likely to occur.
Producing a forecast

The output of all the number crunching is usually
displayed to the user with these variables:









Temperatures
Wind speeds
Wind direction
Visibility
Cloud cover
Rain (snow) fall
Possibility of thunder and lightning
Pollution levels
UV index levels
Producing a forecast
 Computers
are much better at predicting
weather patterns now.
 You
can now find forecasts for up to 15
days away!
 This
is really useful for people who are
planning events or for the military who are
planning missions.
Activity
 Describe
each process of weather
forecasting:



Collecting and recording data
Calculating the forecast
Producing the forecast report
Return to Navigation