Transcript DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The process of food
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WE start with the mouth
• Where the food enters
• Lips and cheeks help keep the food
between your teeth while you are chewing
• The tongue helps move the food around
• Salivary gland produce and secrete saliva
Saliva
1. Cleanses the teeth
2. Dissolves food chemicals so that
they can be tasted
3. Moistens food and aids in
compacting it into a lump
4. Contains enzymes that begin the
chemical breakdown of foods
5. Mostly water-97%
Teeth
• Help chew our food by tearing and grinding the
food up into smaller pieces
• Mechanical Digestion – breaks food up into
smaller pieces
Pharynx
• Passageway from the mouth to the
esophagus
Esophagus
• Muscular tube about 10 inches
long
• Runs to the stomach
• Releases secretions that help
moisten the walls of the esophagus
so that food can pass
Stomach
•Storage tank for food
•Chemical breakdown of proteins begin
•Converted into chyme-liquid paste
•Holds one gallon of food
•Empties about four house after a meal
•Pepsin-helps break down protein in stomach
•Gastric Juices
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Small Intestines
Major digestive organ
All absorption takes place
20 feet long
Help absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
3-6 hours to pass throughout the small
intestines
Large Intestines
From small intestines to the anus
Less than four feet
Absorb water from indigestible food and
eliminate waste products
Five subdivisions: cecum, appendix, colon,
rectum, anal canal
Liver
• Largest gland in the body
• Most impotent in the body
• Three pounds
• Produces bile-breaks down fat into
tiny particles so that they are more
accessible to the digestive enzymes
• Increases more bile when there is
more fat content
Gallbladder
• Thin walled, green muscular sac, four
inches long that lie at the bottom of the
liver
• Stores bile that is not used right away
• When the wrong amount of bile is present
cholesterol crystallizes forming gall stones
Du0denum
• First part of the small intestines – most
digestion takes plaace
Pancreas
• Gland that lies below the stomach
that produces a wide range of
enzymes that break down all
categories of food particles.
How to eliminate waste
• urinating
• Defecating
• Sweating
What can happen to the digestive
system?
• Ulcers- erosion of the stomach wall
causing pain after eating
• Gastritis – inflammation of the stomach
wall
• Heartburn – gastric juices regurgitate
into the esophagus causing a burning
pain
• Vomiting – stomach content being
forced out through the mouth do to
bacteria, excessive food, spicy food,
certain drugs
• nausea – ill feeling in the stomach
• Indigestion – food not digested completely
• Cirrhosis – inflammation of the liver due to
alcoholism
• Appendicitis –inflammation of the appendix
• Diarrhea –condition in which food is passed
through the large intestines without it
absorbing the water
• Constipation – food remaining in the colon for
a long period of time without passing making it
hard and difficult to pass
• Food poisoning – bacteria that invades the
intestinal wall
Why does our stomach rumble?
• Audible bowel sounds
• Blood sugar levels drop, your
hypothalamus send nerve impulses to
your stomach and intestines
• These impulses tripper gastrointestinal
muscle contractions and the release of
acid and other digestive juices – HUNGER
PAINS
Extra words
• Enzymes – a protein that triggers chemical reactions in
the body
• Epiglottis – a “trapdoor” that keeps food out of the
trachea
• Villa – tiny fingerlike projections that line the intestinal
wall
• Sphincter – the opening that ends the large intestines
• Duodenum – name of the first part of the small intestines
as it leaves the stomach
• Chyme – soupy mash in which food is churned in the
stomach
• Bolus- ball of chewed food
conclusion
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