Transcript I.The Digetive and Eecretory systems

I.The Digestive and Excretory
systems
1.
food provides nutrients that the body
needs in order to grow.
2. Before the body can use nutrients it must
break down food into smaller parts
A. Energy for life
1. Digestion
2. Digestion accomplished In the digestion
system
II. How digestion works
 A. Digestion involves both physical changes,
such as the crushing of food by the teeth,
and chemical changers such as the
transforming of food by body chemicals
called ENZYMES
 B. Food goes into mouth and is crushed by
teeth and broken down in mouth and
stomach by enzymes then food is stored for
use
III. The mouth and throat
 Saliva starts to flow as a physical
signal from your body that it is ready to
begin the digestive process
IV.The beginning of Digestion
 A. The Teeth tear and grind the food into small shreds or
chunks
 B. the Salivary glands produce saliva
enzymes in saliva begin the chemical breakdown of
carbohydrates, converting the starches to Glucose
 The saliva also moistens and softens the fod for its
transport through the esophagus
 C. The food is swallowed and enters the ESOPHAGUS, a
long, muscular tube that connects the mouth to the
stomach
V. When you swallow
a.The Esophagus is located next to the
trachea or windpipe
b.The trachea is the passageway through
which air gets to your lungs
c. The passages up to the nose are at the
back of your throat
d. Getting afood into your air passages could
cause you to choke
V. When you swallow
E. For that reason, two flaps of skin close
airways when you swallow
F. The uvula closes the airway to the nose
G. The Epiglottis closes the airway to the
lungs, as shown in figure 4.9 page 109
VI.The stomach and small intestines
 A. Once the food enters the esophagus, muscles
lining the walls of the esophagus contract and
relax, moving food along until it reaches the
STOMACH
 B. The Stomach holds and processes the food for
up to four hours
 C. During this time the stomach’s strong muscular
walls churn and mix the food
 D. When this is complete food resembles a fairly
thin soup called CHYME
 E. The Food then moves to the small intestins
Liver and Pancreas
VII. The Liver
A. The liver is the body’s largest gland which
secretes a liquid called bile that helps to
digest fats
B. The liver also helps to regulate the level of
sugar In the blood, breaks down harmful
substance such as alcohol, and stores
some vitamins
VIII. The Gallbladder
 A. After the liver produces bile it sends it to
the Gallbladder which stores this bile until it
is needed
IX. The Pancreas
 A. the pancreas is a gland that helps the
small intestine by producing pancreatic
juice, a blend of enzymes that breaks down
proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
 B. When food has been completely broken
down, nutrients are absorbed through the
walls of the small intestine in to the
bloodstream
. Removing wastes
X. Removing waste
 A. Body produces 3 kinds of waste
 1. Solid – waste body can’t break down
 2. Liquid –
 3. Gas – lungs get rid of carbon dioxide
 Excretory system – gets rid of waste from
body
 Organs in excretory system – kidney,
bladder,colon
B. The kidneys, bladder and colon
 60% of your body is made up of water
 Most waste materials are dissolved in your
body
 The body sends a mixture of water and
undigested solid waste into the colon (large
intestine)
 Most of the water is absorbed by the colon
 The waste that is left is called feces
XI. Caring for your digestive and
excretory systems
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Eat balanced diet
Plenty of low fat high fiber foods
6-8 glasses of water every day
Chew food slowly and carefully
Eat at regular times each day